Implementation of a Preventive Diabetic Foot Care Program for Patients at Risk of Diabetic Foot

Diabetes Foot Knowledge Scale

The Diabetic Foot Knowledge Scale is a validated tool designed to assess individuals' knowledge of diabetic foot care and complications. It evaluates key areas such as risk factors, preventive strategies, warning signs, and footwear selection. The scale typically includes 20 items, with each correct response earning 1 point, resulting in a score range of 0 to 20. Higher scores indicate strong awareness and reduced risk of complications, while lower scores highlight knowledge gaps requiring targeted education. Psychometric properties include a Cronbach's alpha of 0.63, indicating acceptable internal consistency, and an intra-item correlation coefficient of 0.25. The scale is widely used in clinical and research settings to identify at-risk patients, evaluate educational interventions, and guide strategies to improve diabetic foot self-management. Its practical design makes it a valuable resource for promoting preventive care and reducing diabetic foot complications.

Diabetic Foot Behaviour Scale

The Diabetic Foot Behavior Scale is a tool designed to evaluate foot self-care behaviors in individuals with diabetes. The scale consists of 15 items within a single dimension, utilizing a 5-point Likert-type format with responses scored as "Never," "Occasionally," "Sometimes," "Often," and "Always." Total scores range from a minimum of 15 to a maximum of 75, with higher scores indicating better self-care behaviors. The scale has demonstrated good internal consistency, with a reported Cronbach's alpha of 0.83.

Nottingham Functional Foot Care Diagnosis Form

The Nottingham Functional Foot Care Diagnosis Form is a comprehensive tool designed to assess foot care practices and identify areas for improvement in individuals with diabetes or other conditions affecting foot health. The form evaluates multiple aspects of foot care through subscales, including hygiene and skin care, nail care, footwear, inspection and monitoring, and symptom management. Responses are scored using a numerical system, often based on frequency or quality of behaviors, with higher scores indicating better foot care practices and lower scores highlighting areas needing improvement or intervention. The form has demonstrated excellent reliability and validity, with Cronbach's alpha values ranging from 0.80 to 0.90, confirming its strong internal consistency.

Diabetic Foot Self-Management Scale

The Diabetic Foot Self-Management Scale is a validated tool designed to evaluate self-management behaviors related to diabetic foot care and their impact on glycemic control in patients with diabetes. The scale comprises 16 items that assess various aspects of self-care, including regular foot inspections, appropriate footwear selection, and management of foot-related symptoms. Each item is scored on a Likert-type scale, typically ranging from 1 (never) to 5 (always), resulting in a total score range from 16 to 80. Higher scores indicate better adherence to diabetic foot self-management practices, reflecting a proactive approach to preventing complications such as ulcers or infections. The scale has demonstrated strong reliability, with a reported Cronbach's alpha of 0.85, indicating excellent internal consistency.