About this trial
Patients experience dramatic quadriceps strength loss after total knee replacement, which contributes to persistent weakness and reduced long-term function after surgery. Neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) reduces quadriceps weakness and improves patient function after knee replacement, but it is drastically underused in rehabilitation practice. This randomized trial will examine the effectiveness and feasibility of a comprehensive strategy for implementing neuromuscular electrical stimulation after knee replacement in two large healthcare organizations.
Eligibility criteria
This trial does not accept healthy volunteersQualifiers
Underwent primary unilateral TKA
Attended outpatient rehabilitation at a participating clinic within 5 days after TKA
Attended at least 3 total outpatient physical therapy visits in total
Disqualifiers
NMES Contraindications [Patients with implanted cardiovascular cardiovertedefibrillator (ICD), active cancer, post-operative diagnosed deep vein thrombosis (DVT) in involved lower extremity]
Previous lower extremity arthroplasty less than 12 weeks prior to scheduled TKA surgical date
Trial design
Parallel
Treatments tested in this trial
NMES
Procedure/SurgeryThe NMES intervention protocol in this study ensures patients receive NMES intervention that is adequately dosed (dose = treatment minutes x intensity), delivered using evidence-based parameters, and feasible. The investigators will deliver NMES using a portable two-channel stimulator that the investigators have found to produce stronger muscle contractions than other portable NMES units and has been used in previous clinical studies. It also has a built-in compliance meter to monitor patient treatment minutes (adherence) to NMES application. NMES sites will perform routine collection of outcomes as part of standard practice.
Usual Care
Other interventionUsual Care clinics will continue with routine collection and documentation of physical performance outcomes as standard practice. A combination of chart reviews and on-site or remote observation will allow for characterization of usual care components for descriptive comparison. Usual Care clinics including the facility, rehabilitation clinicians, and patients will not have access to NMES materials developed for this study.
Treatment groups
Trial outcomes
Primary outcomes
Timed Up and Go (TUG)
The TUG is a measure of mobility and balance that consists of rising from a seated position, walking three meters, and pivoting and returning to the original seated position. Faster times indicate better physical function.
Secondary outcomes
30 Second Sit-to-Stand (30-STS)
The 30-STS is a measure of lower body strength and stamina that consists of moving from sitting to a full stand as many times as possible in 30 seconds. More completions indicate better physical function.
Quadriceps Strength
A commercially available hand dynamometer that uses a Bluetooth-enabled tensile load sensor will be used to assess quadriceps strength. Load sensors are reliable and valid for assessing isometric quadriceps strength. Higher scores indicate more strength
Knee Outcome Survey Activities of Daily Living Scale (KOS-ADL)
The Knee Outcome Survey Activities of Daily Living Scale (KOS-ADL) provides a score of patients' self-reported knee stiffness, pain, and function. Scores range from 0% to 100%, with higher scores indicating fewer symptoms affecting activities of daily living.
Knee Range of Motion (ROM)
ROM measures the amount of movement a joint can make in a specific direction and will be assessed using a goniometer. Higher degrees of movement indicate better range of motion.
Other outcomes
NMES Intensity
The magnitude of NMES-induced muscle contraction elicited by patient.
NMES Adherence
The proportion of prescribed NMES minutes completed by a patient will be measured by NMES unit.
RE-AIM Reach
Proportion of patients treated with NMES out of all eligible patients
RE-AIM Adoption
Proportion of clinicians using NMES with at least 80% of eligible patients out of all trained clinicians at intervention clinics.
Sponsors and contacts
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University of Colorado, Denver
Lead sponsor
University of Colorado Health
Collaborator
Intermountain Health Care, Inc.
Collaborator
National Institute on Aging (NIA)
Collaborator