The study consist of 3 interventional periods which will be completed by each consenting participant in a randomized, crossover fashion. The interventional periods will be separated by a minimum 1 week washout period. One of the interventions consists of 4 days of daily supplementation with the commercially available broccoli sprout extract capsules (BrocElite). Another intervention will consist of 4 days of daily supervised treadmill running. The exercise protocol consists of 4 minutes of high-intensity running running followed by a 3 minute recovery period, repeated for a total of 4 repetitions. The last intervention combines the above two and consists of 4 days of daily supplementation and daily supervised exercise training. Before and after each intervention, basic anthropometrics (weight, heart rate, and blood pressure) will be recorded, and a venous blood sample will be collected. Blood samples will be analyzed for metabolic and inflammatory markers. Participants will be asked to refrain from structured exercise, alcohol consumption, and broccoli consumption during each of the experimental periods. Before any testing, willing participants will provide informed consent, and fill out a few demographic, and lifestyle questionnaires. The study will be conducted at the University of British Columbia in Kelowna, BC, Canada.
aged between 19 and 35 years
not a current smoker
physically active based on the Canadian Physical Activity Guidelines (150 minutes of weekly physical activity)
a history of cardiometabolic diseases or respiratory diseases (e.g., chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, diabetes, coronary artery disease)
currently following a ketogenic diet
body mass index (BMI) over 30 kg/m2
unable to read or communicate in English
Crossover
Sulforaphane-rich Broccoli Sprout Extract
Dietary supplementBroc Elite Plus stabilized sulforaphane capsules from Mara Labs
High Intensity Interval Treadmill Running
Other intervention4 cycles of: 4 minutes of intense treadmill running (85-95% HR max) followed by 3 minutes of slow, easy running.
Change in peripheral blood mononuclear cell oxygen consumption rate
OCR will be measured using a Seahorse Analyzer before and after each 4-day intervention
TNF-alpha secretion from LPS-stimulated whole blood
TNF-alpha secretion from LPS-stimulated whole blood will be measured via ELISA before and after each 4-day period
Change in percentage of classical monocytes before and after the 6-week intervention
The percentage of classical monocytes will be measured using flow cytometry at baseline and after the 4-day intervention
Change in percentage of intermediate monocytes before and after the 4-day intervention
The percentage of intermediate monocytes will be measured using flow cytometry at baseline and after the 4-day intervention
Change in percentage of non-classical monocytes before and after the 4-day intervention
The percentage of non-classical monocytes will be measured using flow cytometry at baseline and after the 4-day intervention
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