This randomized controlled trial will compare the effects of intraoperative inhalational anesthesia versus intravenous anesthesia on postoperative lung injury in septic patients undergoing surgery. The primary goal is to determine if the choice of anesthetic technique influences the incidence or severity of this complication. Participants will be randomly assigned to one of the two anesthetic regimens during surgery. They will receive daily in-hospital assessments for lung injury and other outcomes and will be followed for clinical outcomes until 90 days after the procedure.
Age ≥ 18 years.
Diagnosis of sepsis according to Sepsis-3.0 (highly suspected or confirmed infection with acute increase in SOFA score ≥ 2).
Scheduled to undergo surgery under general aaesthesia for source control or sepsis-related operative management.
Already intubated prior to entering the operating room.
Chronic home ventilator dependence (e.g., severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) before surgery.
Personal or family history of malignant hyperthermia.
Known allergy to ciprofol or sevoflurane.
Parallel
Inhalation Anesthesia
DrugThe inhalation group will be maintained with inhaled sevoflurane and a continuous intravenous infusion of remifentanil.
intravenous anesthesia
DrugThe intravenous group will be maintained with continuous intravenous infusions of both ciprofol and remifentanil.
Ventilator-free days at 7 days after surgery
90-day overall survival
Incidence of Sepsis-Associated Lung Injury at 7 days
All-cause mortality at 7, 14 and 28 days after surgery
Ventilator-free days at days 14 and 28 after surgery
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