About this trial
Transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TURBT) is the cornerstone procedure in the diagnosis and treatment of bladder cancer but is associated with a spectrum of intraoperative bladder injuries ranging from minor mucosal tears to major perforations. Currently, there is no standardized intraoperative classification system specifically designed to grade and report these injuries during TURBT.
This study aims to apply the Bladder Injury Classification System for Endoscopic Procedures (BICEP) to TURBT in order to systematically classify intraoperative bladder injuries, evaluate their management, and explore their association with perioperative and early postoperative outcomes.
Eligibility criteria
This trial does not accept healthy volunteersQualifiers
Adult patients aged 18 years or older
Patients undergoing transurethral resection of bladder tumor
Procedures performed for primary resection, re-resection, diagnostic, or staging purposes
Disqualifiers
Patients with incomplete intraoperative data regarding bladder injury assessment
Patients who decline participation, if informed consent is required
Trial population
The study population consists of adult patients undergoing transurethral resection of bladder tumors at participating centers. Participants are identified from consecutive cases in which intraoperative bladder injury assessment is performed and recorded using a standardized classification approach during the procedure.
Trial design
Cohort
Prospective
Treatments tested in this trial
No intervention is assigned as part of this observational study. All procedures are performed as part of routine clinical care.
Other interventionNo intervention is assigned as part of this observational study. All procedures are performed as part of routine clinical care.
Treatment groups
Trial outcomes
Primary outcomes
Intraoperative bladder injury severity assessed using the BICEP classification
Intraoperative bladder injuries occurring during transurethral resection of bladder tumors are classified and graded using the Bladder Injury Classification System for Endoscopic Procedures (BICEP), an ordinal scale ranging from 0 (no injury) to 4 (most severe injury requiring surgical intervention). Higher scores indicate greater injury severity.
Secondary outcomes
Characteristics of intraoperative bladder injuries
Anatomical location, timing, and severity distribution of intraoperative bladder injuries as classified by the BICEP system.
Management of intraoperative bladder injuries according to BICEP grade
Management strategies applied for intraoperative bladder injuries based on BICEP classification, including conservative management, prolonged catheterization, endoscopic intervention, or surgical repair.
Postoperative catheter duration
Duration of urinary catheterization following transurethral resection of bladder tumors in relation to BICEP classified intraoperative bladder injuries.
Length of hospital stay
Length of hospitalization following transurethral resection of bladder tumors according to the presence and severity of BICEP classified intraoperative bladder injuries.
Locations
Sponsors and contacts
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Necmettin Erbakan University
Lead sponsor
University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust
Collaborator
Medical University of Graz
Collaborator
Hannover Medical School
Collaborator
King's College London
Collaborator
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