Health TrialsbyHealthPanel

Intraoral Camera-Assisted Parent Training

ConditionsOral Health LiteracyOral Health CareIntraoral ImagesPeriodontal IndexGingival IndexCaries
Trial statusRecruiting
Trial phaseNot applicable
Trial typeInterventional
Biological sexAll
Age5-7
SponsorAydin Adnan Menderes University

About this trial

The aim of this randomized controlled trial is to test the null hypothesis that parent education using an intraoral camera has no effect on children's oral hygiene levels, parental oral health literacy, or plaque accumulation on first permanent molars compared with standard verbal education. 40 children aged 5-7 and their parents will be randomly assigned to two groups. The intervention group will receive real-time visualization of dental conditions and brushing techniques using an intraoral camera, while the control group will receive standard verbal education using a brushing model. Outcomes include children's plaque and gum health and ICDAS caries scores. Secondary outcomes include Occlusal Plaque Index (OPI) on first molars. Assessments will be conducted at baseline and 1-month follow-up. This study tests whether intraoral camera-assisted education leads to better oral hygiene outcomes in children, improves parents' oral health literacy, and reduces plaque accumulation on the first permanent molars compared to standard verbal education.

Eligibility criteria

This trial accepts healthy volunteers

Qualifiers

Systemically healthy children

Age between 5-7 years, with at least one first permanent molar in the eruption stage

No urgent treatment needs (e.g., dental trauma or pain)

Voluntary participation with signed and verbal informed consent from parents, and willingness to attend follow-up visits regularly

Disqualifiers

Children with special healthcare needs, intellectual disabilities, or autism spectrum disorder

Children with a Frankl Behavior Rating Scale score of 1 (Definitely negative)

Trial design

Design model

Parallel

Treatments tested in this trial

  • Intraoral Camera-Assisted Oral Hygiene Education

    Behavioral

    Participants receive individualized oral hygiene education using an intraoral camera. Dental findings such as plaque, caries, and gingival inflammation are visualized in real time. Disclosing agents highlight plaque-covered areas, and brushing demonstrations are performed directly on the child's teeth using the Modified Stillman and cross-brushing techniques. Parents and children receive visual feedback to reinforce proper oral hygiene practices.

  • Standard Verbal Oral Hygiene Education

    Behavioral

    Participants receive standard verbal oral hygiene education using a brushing model. The Modified Stillman and cross-brushing techniques are demonstrated verbally and on the model. Oral hygiene principles, plaque control, and the importance of regular brushing are explained to both children and parents.

  • Intraoral Photography of Permanent First Molars

    Device

    Occlusal surfaces of permanent first molars will be photographed using the EZCAM VATECH intraoral camera to document plaque accumulation. The photographs will be shown only to participants in the camera-assisted education group during oral hygiene instruction. These images will help them see plaque areas and understand correct brushing. The control group will receive only verbal education and will not view the photographs. All images will be stored securely and used only for evaluation in the study.

  • Turkish Version of the Oral Health Literacy Assessment Task for Pediatric Dentistry (TOHLAT-P)

    Behavioral

    Parental oral health literacy, knowledge about preventive dental care, and their ability to help their child with oral hygiene will be measured using the Turkish version of the Oral Health Literacy Assessment Task for Pediatric Dentistry (TOHLAT-P). This tool evaluates parents' understanding and use of oral health information. Higher scores indicate better oral health literacy.

  • Parent and Child Satisfaction Survey

    Other intervention

    A structured questionnaire was given to children and parents in the intraoral camera education group. The aim was to evaluate their satisfaction with the education process. The questionnaire focused on the usability of the intraoral camera and how helpful it was during dental education.

Treatment groups

40 Participants
are divided into 2 treatment groups
Group A: Intraoral Camera-Assisted Oral Hygiene EducationExperimental treatment 4 interventions
Group B: Standard Verbal Oral Hygiene EducationActive comparator 3 interventions

Trial outcomes

Primary outcomes

1

Children's Plaque Index (PI)

Plaque levels on the mesial, distal, buccal, and lingual surfaces of all present teeth, excluding partially erupted teeth, were assessed using the Silness and Löe Plaque Index (scores 0-3). Plaque Index and Criteria: 0.Absence of microbial plaque 1. Thin film of microbial plaque along the free gingival margin 2. Moderate accumulation with plaque in the sulcus 3. Large amount of plaque in sulcus or pocket along the free gingival margin

Time frame
Baseline
2

Children's Plaque Index (PI)

Plaque levels on the mesial, distal, buccal, and lingual surfaces of all present teeth, excluding partially erupted teeth, were assessed using the Silness and Löe Plaque Index (scores 0-3). Plaque Index and Criteria: 0\. Absence of microbial plaque 1. Thin film of microbial plaque along the free gingival margin 2. Moderate accumulation with plaque in the sulcus 3. Large amount of plaque in sulcus or pocket along the free gingival margin

Time frame
1 month after intervention
3

Children's Gingival Index (GI)

Gingival status was assessed on the mesial, distal, buccal, and lingual surfaces of all present teeth, excluding partially erupted teeth, using the Löe and Silness Gingival Index (0-3). Gingival Index (GI) and Criteria: 0\. Normal gingiva; no inflammation; no discoloration (erythema); no bleeding. 1. Mild inflammation; slight erythema; minimal superficial alterations; no bleeding. 2. Moderate inflammation; erythema; bleeding on probing. 3. Severe inflammation; severe erythema and swelling; tendency to spontaneous bleeding; possible ulceration.

Time frame
Baseline
4

Children's Gingival Index (GI)

Gingival status was assessed on the mesial, distal, buccal, and lingual surfaces of all present teeth, excluding partially erupted teeth, using the Löe and Silness Gingival Index (0-3). Gingival Index (GI) and Criteria: 0\. Normal gingiva; no inflammation; no discoloration (erythema); no bleeding. 1. Mild inflammation; slight erythema; minimal superficial alterations; no bleeding. 2. Moderate inflammation; erythema; bleeding on probing. 3. Severe inflammation; severe erythema and swelling; tendency to spontaneous bleeding; possible ulceration.

Time frame
1 month after intervention

Secondary outcomes

1

Occlusal Plaque Index (OPI)

Plaque accumulation on the occlusal surfaces of permanent first molars will be assessed after plaque disclosure using an intraoral camera. The images will be analyzed with ImageJ software (National Institutes of Health, USA) by manually outlining the total occlusal surface area and the plaque-covered areas. All measurements will be performed by the same examiner and repeated at two different time points to reduce measurement error. Intra-examiner reliability will be evaluated using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), and the occlusal plaque index (OPI) will be calculated as the percentage of plaque-covered area relative to the total occlusal surface area using the formula: OPI = (Plaque area / Occlusal surface area) × 100.

Time frame
Baseline
2

Occlusal Plaque Index (OPI)

Plaque accumulation on the occlusal surfaces of permanent first molars will be assessed after plaque disclosure using an intraoral camera. The images will be analyzed with ImageJ software (National Institutes of Health, USA) by manually outlining the total occlusal surface area and the plaque-covered areas. All measurements will be performed by the same examiner and repeated at two different time points to reduce measurement error. Intra-examiner reliability will be evaluated using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), and the occlusal plaque index (OPI) will be calculated as the percentage of plaque-covered area relative to the total occlusal surface area using the formula: OPI = (Plaque area / Occlusal surface area) × 100.

Time frame
1 month after intervention
3

Parent and Child Satisfaction with Intraoral Camera-Assisted Education

In this study, children and parents will complete two short questionnaires to assess their perceptions of the use of an intraoral camera during dental examination. Responses will be recorded using a 5-point Likert-type scale ranging from strongly agree to strongly disagree, with higher scores indicating more positive perceptions of intraoral camera use. Child questionnaire 1. I liked having photographs of my teeth taken with the intraoral camera. 2. I felt comfortable while photographs of my teeth were taken using the intraoral camera. 3. I would tell my friends about having my teeth photographed with an intraoral camera. Parent questionnaire 1. The use of an intraoral camera helped us better understand dental treatment and oral hygiene instructions. 2. The use of an intraoral camera improved our overall dental examination experience. 3. I would recommend the use of an intraoral camera during dental examination to others.

Time frame
At 1 month after intervention

Other outcomes

Sponsors and contacts

Click on the lead sponsor to view all of their trials.

Aydin Adnan Menderes University

Lead sponsor

Source ClinicalTrials.gov
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