This multicenter retrospective cohort study aims to evaluate the prognostic value of functional liver volume and total liver volume in patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) undergoing immunotherapy. The study explores whether baseline liver volume metrics can effectively predict survival outcomes and treatment responses in this patient population to assist in clinical decision-making.
Age >= 18 years.
Clinically or histologically confirmed unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).
Received immunotherapy as part of their tumor treatment regimen.
Availability of high-quality baseline pre-treatment imaging data suitable for functional liver volume and total liver volume segmentation.
- Prior surgical resection or liver transplantation for HCC.
Co-existence of other concurrent primary malignant tumor types.
Severe image artifacts or technical limitations that prevent robust liver volume quantification.
Incomplete medical records, missing key baseline clinical data, or loss to follow-up.
Patients diagnosed with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) who received immunotherapy across multiple medical centers, including the First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China, Zhengzhou University First Affiliated Hospital, and Fuyang Second People's Hospital, who met all specified inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Cohort
Retrospective
Baseline Liver Volume Volumetric Analysis
Other interventionAn observational evaluation based on the quantification of baseline pre-treatment functional liver volume (FLV) and total liver volume (TLV) derived from imaging datasets. These liver volume metrics are analyzed in correlation with clinical data to assess their prognostic potential for treatment response and overall survival in patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) receiving immunotherapy. No experimental treatment allocation or clinical intervention is performed.
Overall Survival (OS)
Overall survival is defined as the time from the initiation of immunotherapy to the date of death from any cause, or the date of the last follow-up for surviving patients.
Overall Survival (OS)
Overall survival is defined as the time from the initiation of immunotherapy to the date of death from any cause, or the last follow-up date for surviving patients.
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