Vaccine hesitancy-defined as delayed acceptance or refusal of vaccines despite availability-remains a significant barrier to childhood immunisation uptake in Nigeria, a country with high zero-dose unvaccinated children. Several factors limit vaccine uptake, including poor awareness, misinformation, fear, anxiety and a perceived sense of conspiracy. Yet, a gap exists to address this urgent problem. The proposed study seeks to pilot the feasibility and acceptability of a novel co-produced media campaign intervention called ASSURed awareness campaign to encourage childhood vaccine uptakE (ASSURE) with parent-caregivers who are not or partially up to date with their child's vaccination. The ASSURE intervention is designed to encourage vaccine uptake and access, reduce vaccine hesitancy whilst addressing vaccine-related anxiety. The ASSURE intervention is low-intensity, lasting approximately 3-5-minute designed to raise awareness of the need for vaccination uptake and its implications for children, including their development and well-being whist addressing vaccine related anxiety and fears. The proposed study is also to pilot and test the instrument to determine effectiveness and cost effectiveness including the mechanism on why the intervention might potentially work.
Parent or primary caregivers aged 18 years and above
Whose child(ren) are not or partially up-to-date with childhood immunisation vaccination
Able to provide full consent for their participation.
Able to speak the English Language.
Less than 18 years
Parent or Career whose child(ren) are up-to-date with childhood immunisation vaccination
Unable to consent.
Currently undergoing severe mental health treatment.
Parallel
ASSURed awareness campaign to encourage childhood vaccine uptakE (ASSURE) intervention
BehavioralThe media intervention is a low-intensity intervention lasting 3-5 minutes. The intervention is designed to promote awareness on the risk of vaccine hesitancy, its implication on the child wellbeing and health outcomes, the benefits of vaccination and immunisation and avenues or mediums for accessing childhood immunisation. The media intervention will also address anxiety associated with childhood vaccination and avenues for support. The recorded message introduction will commence with a welcome address on the topic, and this is followed by the core message and a closing remark. The core message is composed of three key ambits: 1) emphasising what is meant by vaccine hesitancy, risk of non-childhood immunisation, including the benefit of vaccination (ii) the need to vaccinate and stop societal stigmatising behaviour (iii) Avenues for accessing childhood immunisation and vaccination.
Intervention as usual
BehavioralExisting information provided by primary health care centre around childhood vaccination.
Service Satisfaction Scale
A five item scale that can be used to assess and measure satisfaction, acceptability and quality of the intervention. Higher score denote positive outcomes and acceptability. Lower score denotes poor satisfaction and acceptability.
Generalised Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7)
The GAD-7 is a seven item scale for screening, measuring and assessing the severity of generalised anxiety disorder. Scores of 5, 10, and 15 are taken as the cut-off points for mild, moderate and severe anxiety, respectively.
Oxford Vaccine Hesitancy Scale
A 13 item scale to assess vaccine hesitancy. All items are scored using a 5-point Likert scale ranging from disagree completely to agree completely. Higher scores reflect increasing hesitancy. Items 1, 2, 3 and 5 are reverse scored. The total score can range from 13 to 65.
Oslo Social Support Scale (OSSS-3)
The scale is a 3-item self-reported measure designed for assessing and measuring the level of social support. The sum score ranges from 3 to 14, with high values representing strong levels and low values representing poor levels of social support as indicated as follows: a) 3-8 poor social support, b) 9-11 moderate social support, c) 12-14 strong social support.
Vaccine Conspiracy Belief Scale
The scale is a 7-item questionnaire to measure the extent to which an individual endorses conspiracy theories about vaccines. It is also a 7-point scale that ranges from 'strongly disagree' (1) to 'strongly agree' (7). The scores for all 7 items will be scored and divide by 7 to compute the average score. A higher average score indicates a stronger tendency toward vaccine conspiracy beliefs.
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Teesside University
Lead sponsor
Jos University Teaching Hospital
Collaborator
University of Manchester
Collaborator
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