The goal of this observational, longitudinal study is to identify risk and protective factors that buffer the effects of individual daily stress and adaptation to global crises on the quality of life and mental health conditions of young people entering adulthood (aged 18-29, fluent in Polish, and living in Poland). Moderators such as factors related to development, personality variables compatible with the domains according to ICD-11, psychological resilience, closeness in relationships with a partner/friends/parents, and the level of postformal thinking will also be considered.
The main hypotheses it aims to consider are:
H1: Poorer adaptation to individual and global crises is associated with higher levels of perceived stress, leading to worse indicators of mental health and quality of life.
H2: A higher level of implementation of developmental tasks, including more fulfilled criteria of adulthood and a mature identity, mitigates the relationship between stress/ crisis adaptation and health and quality of life indicators.
H3: Resilience and better relationships (closeness with a partner/ friends/ parents) buffer the negative effect of stress on health and quality of life.
H4: A higher level of postformal thinking mitigates the relationship between stress/ crisis adaptation and health and quality of life indicators.
H5: A higher intensity of psychopathological personality traits is a risk factor that amplifies the negative effect of stress on health and quality of life.
Researchers will analyze measurements taken from the same group (a representative sample of Polish young adults) at two time points - now and in 12 months. The aim is to observe the extent to which the effects of current daily stressors and adaptation to the crisis, as well as the effects of potential moderators, are relatively stable.
Age between 18 and 29 years
Standard educational opportunities
Polish fluent
Polish nationality
Intellectual disability
Inability to self-complete the research questionnaires
Young adults, Polish representative sample, aged 18-29
Cohort
Prospective
Not listed
The International Adjustment Disorder Questionnaire (IADQ)
Polish version of IADQ is a brief, simply-worded measure, focusing only on the core features of Adjustment Disorder, and employs straightforward diagnostic rules. The IADQ was developed to be consistent with the organizing principles of the ICD-11, as set forth by the World Health Organization, which are to maximize clinical utility and ensure international applicability through a focus on the core symptoms of a given disorder. A probable diagnosis of Adjustment Disorder requires the presence of (1) a psychosocial stressor (score ≥ 1 on the IADQ stressor list, items 1-9), (2) at least one 'Preoccupation' symptom (items 10- 12) rated ≥ 2), (3) at least one 'Failure to Adapt' symptom (items 13-15) rated ≥ 2, (4) symptoms began within one month of the stressor (positive endorsement of item 16), and (5) evidence of functional impairment indicated by any of item 17-19 rated ≥ 2).
The International Adjustment Disorder Questionnaire (IADQ) - POLI
Polish, brief, simply-worded measure, based on IADQ, focusing on emotional adaptation to daily stress events. The calculation algorithm of IADQ is being developed by the research team (standardization).
Perceived Stress Scale (PPS-10)
The PSS-10 is used to measure perceived stress. It contains 10 questions related to various subjective feelings associated with personal problems and events, behaviors, and coping methods. It is used to assess the intensity of stress related to one's life situation over the past month. Individual scores on the PSS can range from 0 to 40 with higher scores indicating higher perceived stress. Scores ranging from 27-40 would be considered high perceived stress.
Personality Traits (PiCD)
Personality Inventory for ICD-11 (PiCD). The four-factor structure of the Polish version of PiCD consists of three unipolar factors as Negative Affectivity, Detachment, and Dissociality factors, and one bipolar Anankastia vs. Disinhibition factor. According to Polish standardization, symptom severity is indicated by scores above one standard deviation from the mean.
The International Adjustment Disorder Questionnaire (IADQ)
Polish version of IADQ is a brief, simply-worded measure, focusing only on the core features of Adjustment Disorder, and employs straightforward diagnostic rules. The IADQ was developed to be consistent with the organizing principles of the ICD-11, as set forth by the World Health Organization, which are to maximize clinical utility and ensure international applicability through a focus on the core symptoms of a given disorder. A probable diagnosis of Adjustment Disorder requires the presence of (1) a psychosocial stressor (score ≥ 1 on the IADQ stressor list, items 1-9), (2) at least one 'Preoccupation' symptom (items 10- 12) rated ≥ 2), (3) at least one 'Failure to Adapt' symptom (items 13-15) rated ≥ 2, (4) symptoms began within one month of the stressor (positive endorsement of item 16), and (5) evidence of functional impairment indicated by any of item 17-19 rated ≥ 2).
The International Adjustment Disorder Questionnaire (IADQ) - POLI
Polish, brief, simply-worded measure, based on IADQ, focusing on emotional adaptation to daily stress events. The calculation algorithm of IADQ is being developed by the research team (standardization).
Perceived Stress Scale (PPS-10)
The PSS-10 is used to measure perceived stress. It contains 10 questions related to various subjective feelings associated with personal problems and events, behaviors, and coping methods. It is used to assess the intensity of stress related to one's life situation over the past month. Individual scores on the PSS can range from 0 to 40 with higher scores indicating higher perceived stress. Scores ranging from 27-40 would be considered high perceived stress.
Personality Traits (PiCD)
Personality Inventory for ICD-11 (PiCD). The four-factor structure of the Polish version of PiCD consists of three unipolar factors as Negative Affectivity, Detachment, and Dissociality factors, and one bipolar Anankastia vs. Disinhibition factor. According to Polish standardization, symptom severity is indicated by scores above one standard deviation from the mean.
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