MicroRNAs are important regulators of the immune and inflammatory response to bacterial pathogens during periodontal disease.The aim of this study was to evaluate the possible miRNA type for Parkinson's in saliva of orally healthy individuals.
dentally and periodontally healthy
Systemically healthy with no uncontrolled chronic and/or autoimmune disease
No systemic, neurological, or autoimmune disease in addition to Parkinson's disease.
history of regular use of systemic antibiotics anti-inflammatory, or antioxidant drugs (previous 3 months)
nonsurgical periodontal treatment (previous 6 months)
surgical periodontal treatment (previous 12 months)
presence of<20 teeth
Single group
Saliva and Serum
Other interventionSaliva were collected to analyze the selected markers as unstimulated samples during the early hours of the day. The saliva was centrifuged and then transferred into Eppendorf tubes. Venous puncture was performed after saliva collection and 10 mL of blood samples were collected by qualified staff from each participant.Saliva and serum were then stored at -80 °C until analysis.
Saliva and Serum
Other interventionELISA method will be used to measure TNF-α values in collected saliva and serum samples.RT-qPCR based miRNA gene expression analyses will be performed with 2-step qRT-PCR Kits (Thermofisher Scientific, MA, USA).
1. Pocket probing depth
Measurement of the depth of a sulcus or periodontal pocket determined by measuring distance from a gingival margin to the base of the sulcus or pocket with a calibrated periodontal probe.
2.Clinical attachment level
Clinical attachment level (or loss, CAL) is a more accurate indicator of the periodontal support around a tooth than probing depth alone. CAL is measured from a fixed point on the tooth that does not change, the CEJ. To calculate CAL, two measurements are needed: distance from the gingival margin to the CEJ and probing depth. In recession: probing depth (+) gingival margin to the CEJ (add). In tissue overgrowth: probing depth (-) gingival margin to the CEJ (subtract)
3.Bleeding on probing
referring to bleeding that is induced by gentle manipulation of the tissue at the depth of the gingival sulcus, or interface between the gingiva and a tooth.
4.Saliva and serum samples processing and analyses
ELISA method will be used to measure TNF-α values in collected saliva and serum samples.RT-qPCR based miRNA gene expression analyses will be performed with 2-step qRT-PCR Kits (Thermofisher Scientific, MA, USA).
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