Mindfulness Training in University Badminton Athletes
Trial statusNot yet recruiting
Trial phaseNot applicable
Trial typeInterventional
Biological sexAll
Age18-24
SponsorUniversiti Putra Malaysia
About this trial
This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of mindfulness training on competitive anxiety, attentional control, psychological flexibility, mindfulness, and badminton skill performance among university badminton athletes in Jiangxi, China. A cluster-randomized controlled trial will be conducted, with universities assigned to either a mindfulness intervention group or an active control group. Participants in the intervention group will receive a 7-week Mindfulness-Acceptance-Insight-Commitment (MAIC) program in addition to their regular badminton training, while participants in the control group will receive a documentary-based active control intervention in addition to the same regular badminton training. Psychological outcomes and badminton skill performance will be assessed at baseline (Week 0), during the intervention (Week 4), and at the end of the intervention (Week 7).
Eligibility criteria
This trial accepts healthy volunteersQualifiers
University badminton athletes aged 18-24 years.
Have at least 2 years of badminton training experience.
Have participated in badminton competitions at the university level or above.
Willing to participate in the study and provide informed consent.
Disqualifiers
Have an injury or medical condition that prevents participation in regular badminton training or skill performance tests.
Currently participating in another mindfulness-based training or psychological intervention program.
Unable to attend the intervention sessions or complete the required assessments.
Trial design
Design model
Parallel
Treatments tested in this trial
Mindfulness-Acceptance-Insight-Commitment (MAIC) Program
BehavioralThe MAIC program will be delivered over 7 weeks, with one approximately 60-minute session per week. The program will be delivered online via video conferencing by a qualified and experienced MAIC practitioner. Each session will include review and reflection, knowledge instruction and psychoeducation, badminton-related case discussion, in-class mindfulness practice, and homework assignments. The seven sessions will cover preparation for mindfulness training, mindfulness, mindful attention and awareness, mindful acceptance, values and insight, engagement, and integration. Participants will continue their regular badminton training throughout the intervention period.
Documentary-Based Active Control Intervention
BehavioralThe documentary-based active control intervention will be delivered over 7 weeks, with one session per week. Each session will include a topic introduction, documentary viewing, guided group discussion and reflection, and homework assignments. The documentaries will focus on badminton athletes and sport-related themes but will not include mindfulness-specific training or practice. The duration and frequency of the active control sessions will be comparable to those of the MAIC program. Participants will continue their regular badminton training throughout the intervention period.
Treatment groups
50 Participants
are divided into 2 treatment groupsGroup A: MAIC Training Group (MT)Experimental treatment 1 intervention
Group B: Documentary-Based Active Control Group (CG)Active comparator 1 intervention
Trial outcomes
Primary outcomes
1
Competitive Trait Anxiety Assessed Using the Chinese Version of the Sport Anxiety Scale-2 (SAS-2)
Competitive trait anxiety will be assessed using the Chinese version of the Sport Anxiety Scale-2 (SAS-2), originally developed by Smith et al. (2006) and adapted for use in Chinese populations by Zhang et al. (2023). The Chinese version consists of 15 items across three subscales: Worry, Somatic Anxiety, and Concentration Disruption. Each item is rated on a 4-point Likert scale ranging from 1 (not at all) to 4 (very much). Each subscale consists of five items, with scores ranging from 5 to 20. Higher scores indicate higher levels of competitive trait anxiety in the corresponding dimension.
Time frame
Three assessment time points: baseline before the intervention begins (Week 0), mid-intervention after completion of the first four weeks of the intervention (Week 4), and post-intervention immediately after completion of the 7-week intervention (Week 7)2
Competitive State Anxiety Assessed Using the Chinese Revised Version of the Competitive State Anxiety Inventory-2 (CSAI-2)
Competitive state anxiety will be assessed using the Chinese revised version of the Competitive State Anxiety Inventory-2 (CSAI-2), originally developed by Martens et al. (1990) and revised for use in Chinese populations by Zhu (1994). The Chinese version consists of 27 items across three subscales: Cognitive Anxiety, Somatic Anxiety, and Self-Confidence. Each item is rated on a 4-point Likert scale. Each subscale consists of nine items, with scores ranging from 9 to 36. Higher scores indicate higher levels of cognitive anxiety, somatic anxiety, or self-confidence, respectively.
Time frame
Three assessment time points: baseline before the intervention begins (Week 0), mid-intervention after completion of the first four weeks of the intervention (Week 4), and post-intervention immediately after completion of the 7-week intervention (Week 7)3
Attentional Control Assessed Using the Chinese 16-Item Attentional Control Scale (ACS-C-16)
Attentional control will be assessed using the Chinese 16-Item Attentional Control Scale (ACS-C-16), adapted from the original Attentional Control Scale (ACS) developed by Derryberry and Reed (2002). The Chinese version was developed and validated by He (2020). The ACS-C-16 consists of 16 items assessing two dimensions: attentional focusing and attentional shifting. Items are rated on a 4-point Likert scale. A total score is calculated by summing the item scores, with higher scores indicating greater attentional control.
Time frame
Three assessment time points: baseline before the intervention begins (Week 0), mid-intervention after completion of the first four weeks of the intervention (Week 4), and post-intervention immediately after completion of the 7-week intervention (Week 7)4
Psychological Flexibility Assessed Using the Chinese Multidimensional Psychological Flexibility Inventory-24 (C-MPFI-24)
Psychological flexibility will be assessed using the Chinese Multidimensional Psychological Flexibility Inventory-24 (C-MPFI-24), adapted from the original Multidimensional Psychological Flexibility Inventory (MPFI) developed by Rolffs et al. (2018). The Chinese version was validated by Fang et al. (2024). The C-MPFI-24 consists of 24 items assessing dimensions of psychological flexibility and inflexibility. Higher scores on the psychological flexibility dimensions indicate greater psychological flexibility, whereas higher scores on the psychological inflexibility dimensions indicate greater psychological inflexibility.
Time frame
Three assessment time points: baseline before the intervention begins (Week 0), mid-intervention after completion of the first four weeks of the intervention (Week 4), and post-intervention immediately after completion of the 7-week intervention (Week 7)Secondary outcomes
1
Mindfulness Assessed Using the Chinese Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (Ch-FFMQ)
Mindfulness will be assessed using the Chinese Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (Ch-FFMQ), adapted from the original Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ) developed by Baer et al. (2006). The Chinese version was validated by Deng et al. (2011). The Ch-FFMQ consists of 39 items assessing five facets: Observing, Describing, Acting with Awareness, Non-judging of Inner Experience, and Non-reactivity to Inner Experience. Items are rated on a 5-point Likert scale. Higher scores indicate higher levels of mindfulness.
Time frame
Three assessment time points: baseline before the intervention begins (Week 0), mid-intervention after completion of the first four weeks of the intervention (Week 4), and post-intervention immediately after completion of the 7-week intervention (Week 7)Locations
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Source ClinicalTrials.gov
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