Individuals aged 18-65 years who have been clinically diagnosed with spinal cord injury and have developed paraplegia will be included in the study. Demographic and clinical data of the participants, including age, sex, height, weight, etiology of injury, level of injury, duration of injury, and comorbidities, will be recorded. In addition, disease-specific characteristics such as ambulation status, wheelchair use, presence of incontinence, and presence and severity of pain will be assessed. For the healthy control group, demographic data including age, sex, height, weight, and comorbidities will be recorded.
Motor imagery performance of the participants will be evaluated using a computer-based left/right judgment task. In this context, both upper extremity (hand) and lower extremity (foot) images will be used to record reaction time (motor imagery reaction time) and accuracy rate. All tests will be performed under standardized conditions, in a seated position, and using the same device.
Aged between 18 and 65 years
Clinically diagnosed with spinal cord injury
Presence of paraplegia
Injury duration of at least 3 months
Tetraplegia
History of other neurological disorders that may affect motor imagery performance
Severe cognitive impairment or communication problems preventing proper participation
Severe visual impairment uncorrected by glasses or lenses
The study population will consist of individuals aged 18-65 years with a clinical diagnosis of spinal cord injury and paraplegia who are followed in the inpatient and outpatient clinics of Istanbul Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Training and Research Hospital. A healthy control group, matched for age and sex, will also be included. Participants will be recruited from patients presenting to the clinic during the study period and from healthy volunteers. All participants will be medically stable and able to complete the study assessments.
Case-control
Cross-sectional
No intervention
Other interventionNo intervention
Motor Imagery Reaction Time - Upper Extremity
Reaction time (in milliseconds) required to correctly identify left or right hand images in a computer-based motor imagery task. Longer reaction times indicate impaired motor imagery processing.
Motor Imagery Reaction Time - Lower Extremity
Reaction time (in milliseconds) required to correctly identify left or right foot images. Higher values indicate slower motor imagery performance.
Functional Independence
Functional independence will be assessed only in individuals with spinal cord injury. Scores range from 0 to 100, with higher scores indicating greater independence.
Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale - Anxiety Subscale (HADS-A)
Scores range from 0 to 21, with higher scores indicating greater anxiety.
Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale - Depression Subscale (HADS-D)
Scores range from 0 to 21, with higher scores indicating greater depressive symptoms.
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