There is high inter-individual variability in the response to feeding, which is determined by multiple interacting factors such as age, sex, genotype, gut microbiota, eating behaviors, physical activity or even socio-demographic factors. Original studies have recently demonstrated the possibility of predicting the postprandial response to the diet of healthy individuals on the basis of in-depth phenotyping, and of offering them foods adapted to their own metabolic capacities according to their belonging to different groups of individuals defined on the basis of the similarity of their metabolic capacities. Due to different life trajectories, inter-individual variability could be amplified upon entry into the aging period, which could explain at least in part why traditional strategies for managing chronic age-related pathologies are insufficient. The investigators aim is to propose a new strategy to better understand inter-individual variability in the response to food in the elderly based on deep phenotyping.
- Subject with grip strength (assessed with a dynamometer) ≥16kg for women and ≥26 kg for men.
21 ≤ BMI ≤35
Participant living in a rural or peri-urban area or city dweller, according to the population density grid of the Territorial Observatory (categories 3, 2 or 1 respectively).
Cognitively able to perform tests and answer questionnaires according to the judgment of the recruiting doctor and on the basis of the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE)
- Diabetes treated
Sub-acute pathology (flu, gastroenteritis, bacterial infection, etc.) or trauma (fracture, surgical intervention, etc.) in the 30 days preceding inclusion.
Hepatocellular insufficiency,
Heart failure with decompensation,
Single group
Nutritional postprandial test
Other interventionMetabolic responses to several test meals
Characterize the inter-individual variability of the blood glucose postprandial response
Kinetics of change in postprandial blood glucose over a period of 4 hours following home consumption of four types of test meals by continuously monitoring blood glucose
Questionnaires about food habits and preferences (with a special focus on polyphenols)
The investigators' objective is to have a good understanding of eating habits: estimation of precise food intake over three days but also long-term eating habits, preferences for sweet foods, salty foods, fatty foods. Participants will also be questioned about their general appetite, their neophobia, their culinary habits. An effort will be made to estimate polyphenol intake through specific questions.
Test to assess taste abilities
The participants will be offered drinks containing either water (n=2) or salted water (n=8), with various concentrations of salt. The objective is to determine which drinks contain salt or not. The score will vary from 0 (only bad answers) to 8 (only good answers). A score of 8 thus means that the taste abilities are good.
Test to assess olfactory abilities
Six groups of 4 vials will be presented to the participants. For each group of 4, only one vial has an odor. The first step will be to find the vial that does contain an odor. Then, the participant will have to identify the odor, choosing among 4 proposed odor. The score will increase with the number of vial found and the number of correct odor identification. It will thus vary from 0 to 8. If a participant has a score of 8, it means that he could detect each time in which vial there was an odor, and could each time identify the odor. Thus a score of 8 denotes very good olfactory abilities.
Time to walk 4 meters
The time to walk 4 m will be measured.
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