This study will examine how the brain, spinal cord, and muscles communicate in people with spinal cord injury. Researchers will use noninvasive brain and muscle recordings together with spinal electrical recordings to better understand how epidural spinal cord stimulation (EES) affects nerve function. The results may help develop more effective and personalized rehabilitation treatments for people with spinal cord injury.
Individuals without spinal cord injury.
Patients diagnosed with chronic neuropathic pain who meet the criteria for routine temporary epidural spinal cord stimulation (EES) implantation therapy.
Patients who have undergone temporary epidural spinal cord stimulation (EES) implantation.
Ability to understand and follow motor instructions.
Individuals with severe psychiatric disorders or cognitive impairments, including major depressive disorder, schizophrenia, or dementia, that may affect their ability to understand the study procedures or comply with study instructions.
Individuals who are unable to maintain consciousness, follow instructions, or complete study tasks, including motor tasks, isometric contractions, or resting-state tasks.
Individuals with severe medical conditions and unstable clinical status, such as uncontrolled cardiovascular disease, severe infection, respiratory failure, or other conditions deemed unsuitable for study participation by the attending physician.
Individuals with abnormal positioning, inadequate fixation, or complications related to temporary epidural spinal cord stimulation (EES) leads, including infection, significant pain, or neurological deterioration, as determined by clinical evaluation to be unsuitable for study recordings.
Neurosurgery patient at Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Hualien
Case-control
Prospective
participants will be divided into two disease cohorts: the spinal cord injury (SCI) group and the non-spinal cord injury (non-SCI) group.
DeviceThis observational case-control study includes two groups: a spinal cord injury (SCI) group and a non-SCI group. The SCI group consists of patients diagnosed with SCI by physicians. Both groups have undergone temporary epidural spinal cord stimulation (EES), and spinal electrophysiological signals will be recorded during stimulation in the SCI group to evaluate neural activity.
Peak-to-peak amplitude of spinal evoked responses
Peak-to-peak amplitude of spinal evoked responses will be measured in microvolts (µV) to quantify the magnitude of neural activation under different stimulation conditions.
Latency of spinal evoked responses
Response latency of spinal evoked responses will be measured in milliseconds (ms) from stimulus onset to the onset or peak of the response to evaluate neural conduction characteristics.
Area under the curve (AUC) of spinal evoked responses
The area under the evoked response waveform will be calculated in µV、RMT(%)) to quantify the overall neural response elicited by stimulation.
Recruitment curve of spinal evoked responses
Recruitment curves will be constructed by plotting peak-to-peak amplitude (µV) to characterize spinal neural excitability and recruitment properties.
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