About this trial
Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune condition, causing inflammation and pain. Yet pain may persist even when inflammation has been treated. This residual pain, called nociplastic pain, has symptoms of a chronic pain condition called fibromyalgia. There are few effective therapies to address this residual pain. Published literature shows that fibromyalgia can be treated by neurofeedback, a noninvasive method that is based on the voluntary modulation of cortical activity. In this pilot study, the investigators want to test the effect of neurofeedback on the fibromyalgia component of pain in rheumatoid arthritis, and also to investigate its effects on related symptoms such as fatigue and sleep disturbance.
Eligibility criteria
This trial does not accept healthy volunteersQualifiers
Fulfilment of the ACR/EULAR Classification Criteria for rheumatoid arthritis (RA)
Fulfilment of the American College of Rheumatology criteria for chronic widespread pain
Stable disease (swollen joint count ≤1 and CRP ≤10)
Has normal or corrected to normal vision and hearing abilities
Disqualifiers
Unable to understand the task.
Unable to provide a written informed consent.
Unable to understand English.
Major confounding neurological diseases including Multiple Sclerosis, Stroke, Traumatic Brain Injury, Parkinson's Disease, and Alzheimer's Disease)
Trial design
Single group
Treatments tested in this trial
Neurofeedback
Procedure/SurgeryA noninvasive method based on the voluntary modulation of brain activity, with feedback provided through a graphical user interface shown on a computer screen
Treatment groups
Trial outcomes
Primary outcomes
Difference in nociplastic pain (Visual Analog Scale)
Difference in nociplastic pain following 10 sessions of neurofeedback, compared to baseline, as measured by a on a 10 point Visual Analog Scale (VAN), from 1 to 10, where 10 is the highest possible pain. Improvement is indicated by a reduction in score.
Secondary outcomes
Difference in nociplastic pain (ACRFS)
Difference in nociplastic pain following 10 sessions of neurofeedback, compared to baseline, as measured by the American College of Rheumatology Fibromyalgia Scale (ACRFS). The score ranges between 0-19, with improvement indicated by a reduction in score.
Difference in nociplastic pain (ACRFS) 1 month post-intervention
Difference in nociplastic pain 1 month after the last session, compared to baseline, as measured by the American College of Rheumatology Fibromyalgia Scale (ACRFS). The score ranges between 0-19, with improvement indicated by a reduction in score.
Success of performing neurofeedback
EEG power in theta (4-8 Hz), alpha (8-12 Hz) , low beta (13-20 Hz), high beta (20-30) and gamma (30-45 Hz) during NF compared to daily baseline, to assess the success of performing neurofeedback
Mental strategies during neurofeedback
Self-reported mental strategies (a goal-directed mental action performed in order to control the graphical user interface) and affects (emotional experience e.g.happy, excited, frustrated, anxious etc.) during NF
Sponsors and contacts
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NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde
Lead sponsor
University of Glasgow
Collaborator