About this trial
Lupus Nephritis is one of the most severe organ manifestations of systemic lupus erythematosus and represents a major cause of morbidity, chronic kidney disease, and long-term mortality. Despite significant advances in immunosuppressive therapies, a substantial proportion of patients fail to achieve sustained renal remission or progress to end-stage renal disease, highlighting the need for improved understanding of disease mechanisms and more reliable biomarkers for disease monitoring and therapeutic response
Eligibility criteria
Qualifiers
Adult patients (≥ 18 and > 60 years) of either sex.
Fulfill the 2019 EULAR/ACR Classification Criteria for Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) [11].
Diagnosis of active lupus nephritis requiring a renal biopsy as per standard clinical indications (e.g., proteinuria ≥ 0.5 g/24h, active urinary sediment, unexplained rise in serum creatinine).
Availability of an adequate renal biopsy specimen for histopathological evaluation according to the International Society of Nephrology/Renal Pathology Society (ISN/RPS) 2018 classification.
Disqualifiers
Presence of, or suspicion of, any other primary or significant secondary kidney disease unrelated to SLE (e.g., diabetic nephropathy, hypertensive nephrosclerosis, IgA nephropathy, significant drug-induced nephrotoxicity, rheumatoid arthritis, positive HBs antigen or HCV antibody).
Presence of an active or recent major infection (e.g., sepsis, pneumonia, UTI) at the time of enrollment, as infection can significantly alter immune markers.
Presence of advanced chronic kidney disease (CKD Stage 4 or 5) predating the diagnosis of SLE.
Trial design
Treatments tested in this trial
- Serum Neutrophil Extracellular Traps