Outdoor vs. Indoor Exercises and Cognitive Functions in Older Adults
Trial statusNot yet recruiting
Trial phaseNot listed
Trial typeObservational
Biological sexAll
Age60+
SponsorMuğla Sıtkı Koçman University
About this trial
This observational, cross-sectional study aims to comparatively investigate the effects of outdoor versus indoor exercise environments on overall cognitive performance and its specific sub-domains (attention, memory, and executive functions) in older adults with similar physical capacities. Utilizing a 2 (Exercise Environment: Outdoor vs. Indoor) x 2 (Center: Köyceğiz vs. Erzurum Tazelenme University) factorial design, a sample of 100-120 participants aged 60 and over will be recruited via purposive sampling. To ensure sample homogeneity regarding functional capacity, participants will undergo pre-screening with the 6-Minute Walk Test (6MWT) and the 30-Second Chair Stand Test, while individuals with advanced neurological disorders or severe physical impairments will be excluded. Data will be collected through a Sociodemographic Information Form, the Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly (PASE) to monitor baseline activity parameters, and the Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination (ACE-III) Turkish Version A to assess cognitive outcomes. Ultimately, this study aims to elucidate the potential predictive role of the exercise environment on cognitive health in late life and explore whether the cognitive benefits of physical activity vary interactively across different geographic centers.
Eligibility criteria
This trial accepts healthy volunteersQualifiers
Must be aged 60 years or older.
Must be currently enrolled as a student at Köyceğiz Tazelenme University or Erzurum Tazelenme University.
Must participate regularly in either structured outdoor or indoor physical exercises.
Must possess sufficient sensory, visual, hearing, and cognitive capacity to comprehend and complete the behavioral and cognitive tests.
Disqualifiers
Being under the age of 60.
Having a clinical diagnosis of an advanced neurological disorder, including dementia or severe cognitive impairment.
Having severe acute or chronic physical disabilities, musculoskeletal injuries, or medical conditions that medically prevent or restrict safe exercise participation.
Having severe uncorrected sensory (visual or hearing) deficits or cognitive impairments that prevent the comprehension of test instructions or completion of the assessments.
Trial population
The study population consists of older adults aged 60 and over who are actively enrolled as students at Köyceğiz Tazelenme University and Erzurum Tazelenme University in Türkiye. This population represents a unique cohort of older individuals engaged in lifelong learning and structured active aging programs. To investigate the specific role of the exercise environment on cognitive reserve, the sample will be drawn from this population using purposive sampling, selecting individuals who regularly participate in either structured outdoor or indoor physical activities. The population is structurally characterized by functionally independent older adults who exhibit homogeneous physical baseline capacities-verified via objective clinical performance benchmarks-and are free from advanced neurological or debilitating physical conditions.
Trial design
Design model
Case-control
Time perspective
Cross-sectional
Treatments tested in this trial
Not listed
Trial groups
100 Participants
are grouped into 2 trial groupsGroup A: Outdoor
Group B: Indoor
Trial outcomes
Primary outcomes
1
Overall Cognitive Performance and Sub-domains via ACE-III
Cognitive functions will be assessed using the Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination-III (ACE-III) Turkish Version A. The test comprehensively evaluates five cognitive domains: attention, memory, verbal fluency, language, and visuospatial skills. Total scores range from 0 to 100, and sub-domain scores range as follows: Attention (0-18), Memory (0-26), Verbal Fluency (0-14), Language (0-26), and Visuospatial (0-16). Higher total and sub-domain scores indicate better cognitive performance and higher cognitive reserve.
Time frame
Baseline (Data will be collected during a single cross-sectional assessment session for each participant).Secondary outcomes
1
Self-Reported Physical Activity Level via PASE
Participants' physical activity levels over the past week will be measured using the Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly (PASE). The scale evaluates leisure, household, and occupational physical activities through structured questions. Higher total scores on the scale indicate a higher level of physical activity and engagement in daily life movements.
Time frame
Baseline (Data will be collected during a single cross-sectional assessment session for each participant).Locations
Sponsors and contacts
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Source ClinicalTrials.gov
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