About this trial
The goal of this clinical trial is to test the effectiveness of a peer-facilitated travel intervention in adults with serious mental illnesses. This project aims to address the following hypotheses:
1. Individuals with SMI receiving either of the two peer-mediated travel training transportation interventions will experience an increase in transportation self-efficacy and transportation skills. 2. Participants in the intervention arms will increase their transport utilization, participate in significantly more activities in the community, and make significantly more trips in the community. 3. Individuals with SMI receiving peer-mediated travel training interventions will retain post-test levels of community participation and self-efficacy 2 months after intervention.
Participants will be assigned to an 8-week travel-training intervention either using a bike-share program or public transportation. All participants will complete three data-collection research interviews.
Eligibility criteria
This trial does not accept healthy volunteersQualifiers
are between the ages of 18 and 65
are diagnosed with a SMI (confirmed via the MINI)
score at least an 8 on a travel skills assessment
indicates that they can ride a bicycle
Disqualifiers
score less than 8 on a travel skills assessment
express no interest in independent transportation
are non-English speaking individuals
are unable to provide consent
Trial design
Parallel
Treatments tested in this trial
Bike-Share Travel Training
BehavioralHalf of the participants not assigned to the waitlist will begin the bike-share intervention arm immediately after the baseline research interview. The bike-share arm will last for 8 weeks and be delivered by a community peer specialist. Half of the participants assigned to the waitlist will begin the bike-share intervention arm after an 8-week waiting period.
Public Transportation Travel Training
BehavioralHalf of the participants not assigned to the waitlist or bike-share arm will begin the public transportation intervention arm immediately after the baseline research interview. The public transportation arm will last for 8 weeks and be delivered by a community peer specialist. Half of the participants assigned to the waitlist will begin the public transportation intervention arm after an 8-week waiting period.
Treatment groups
Trial outcomes
Primary outcomes
Temple University Community Participation Measure
Measures engagement in 29 participation areas, if those areas are important to them, how often they did them and if it was enough, not enough, or too much. Higher reported frequency across a greater number of areas indicates higher rates of participation. Higher number of activities reported as being important and done enough indicate greater sufficiency of participation.
LASA Sedentary Behaviors Questionnaire
This survey measures the time spent doing various activities that are usually completed while sitting down. For a 24-hour period on both weekdays and weekends, the reporting asks "How much time do you spend (from when you wake up until you go to bed) doing the following?" For this research, it will be used to measure changes in sedentary behaviors over time.
Transportation Appraisal Scale
This measure assesses participants' ability to use public transportation and travel around their community. Items are asked on a 4-point scale, asking how much help is needed with various travel tasks, including reading schedules to plan a trip and knowing how to pay for transportation. For this research, it will be used to measure changes in transportation self-efficacy over time.
Indego Skills Survey
This is an open-ended questionnaire to assess participants' skills with navigating the Indeo bike-sharing program in Philadelphia. Researchers give points to participants' responses on questions pertaining to the access, payment, and return of the bikes. For this research, it will be used to measure Indego skills at the time of the interview.
Secondary outcomes
Internalized Stigma of Mental Illness Inventory (ISMI) (Brief Version)
This scale is designed to measure self-stigma among persons with psychiatric disorders. The brief measure takes the strongest items from each of the subscales of the full measure. The subscales and item examples include: Alienation (e.g. "Having a mental illness has spoiled my life"), Stereotype Endorsement (e.g., "Mentally ill people tend to be violent"), Discrimination Experience (e.g., "People discriminate against me because I have a mental illness"), Social Withdrawal (e.g., " I don't talk about myself as much because I don't want to burden others with my mental illness"), and Stigma Resistance (e.g., "I can have a good, fulfilling life, despite my mental illness") that is scored on a 4-point Likert scale. For this research, it will be used to measure changes in internalized stigma over time.
University of California, Los Angeles, Loneliness Scale
These 3 questions are only being given to people who report having a mental illness. The questions related to how often people feel socially isolated or lonely. Response options range from 1) hardly ever, 2) some of the time, and 3) often. Responses (3) indicate increased loneliness and more "hardly ever" responses indicate less loneliness.
Pearlin Mastery Scale (Coping)
This is 7-item mastery scale to assess participants' feeling of control over their lives. Items are asked on a 4-point Likert scale and include statement like "I have little control over the things that happen to me" and "What happens to me in the future mostly depends on me." For this research, it will be used to measure changes in participants' abilities to cope with symptoms over time.
SF- 36 v2
This measure asks about health status and physical capability of daily activities. Participants are asked to rank their health over the last week, including experiences of pain, sickness, tiredness, and physical activities like walking or carrying. For this research, it will be used to measure self-perceived physical health.
Sponsors and contacts
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