Person-Centred AI Support in Interdisciplinary Rehabilitation for Chronic Pain

Change from Baseline in Patient-Prioritized Health-Related Well-being Composite at 12 Months

A person-centred composite score based on eight validated domains: pain intensity (NRS; 0-10), sleep problems (ISI; 0-28), physical health (SF-36 PF; 0-100), mental health (SF-36 MH; 0-100), depression and anxiety (HADS-A/D; 0-21), work ability (WAI single item; 0-10), and pain interference (single item; 0-10). At baseline, participants prioritize these domains together with the interdisciplinary treatment (IDT) team. The Clinical Decision Support System (CDSS) stores these weights. Each domain is normalized to 0-100 and combined into a weighted composite. Higher scores indicate better health-related well-being. Although composed of several scales, the outcome is reported as a single, aggregated primary measure.

Change from Baseline in Pain Intensity (NRS) at 12 Months

Measured using the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS, 0-10), where 0 = no pain and 10 = worst imaginable pain. Participants report average pain over the last seven days. A reduction in score indicates clinical improvement.

Change from Baseline in Sleep Problems Measured by the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) at 12 Months

The ISI assesses perceived sleep difficulties through seven items. Total scores range from 0 to 28, with higher values indicating more severe insomnia. A lower score reflects improved sleep quality.

Change from Baseline in Physical Health Functioning (SF-36 PF) at 12 Months

Measured using the SF-36 Physical Functioning subscale (10 items). Scores range from 0 to 100, with higher scores representing better physical functioning.

Change from Baseline in Mental Health (SF-36 MH) at 12 Months

Measured using the SF-36 Mental Health subscale (5 items). Scores range from 0 to 100; higher values indicate better mental well-being.

Change in Sickness Absence (Register-Based) at 12 Months

Data obtained from the Swedish Social Insurance Agency (MiDAS) detailing sickness absence (full- or part-time) in number of net days. Fewer days indicate clinical or occupational improvement. Scores range from 0 to an open upper limit, where 0 indicates no sickness absence and higher values indicate more days of absence.

Change in Total Prescribed Medication Volume (Register-Based) at 12 Months

Data will be extracted from the Swedish Prescribed Drug Register. Medication volume will be calculated using the Defined Daily Dose (DDD) methodology, as defined by the World Health Organization (WHO). For each prescribed medication, the total number of dispensed units will be converted into DDDs based on the standard daily maintenance dose for its main indication in adults. The total DDDs per individual will be summed across all medications to reflect overall pharmacological treatment intensity. Scores range from 0 to no predefined upper limit, where higher values indicate greater medication burden.

Change in Comorbidity Burden Over Time

Comorbidity burden will be derived from the Swedish National Patient Register using established ICD-10 codes. A validated multimorbidity index (e.g., the Charlson Comorbidity Index or a count of chronic conditions) will be calculated for each individual at multiple time points. Higher scores reflect a greater burden of comorbid disease. Scores typically range from 0 (no comorbid conditions) to 15 or more, depending on the index used and the number/severity of conditions present.

Change in Pain Location Complexity Over Time

Self-reported pain drawings will be analyzed to determine the number of distinct anatomical pain locations reported by each participant. This measure reflects the spatial complexity of pain presentation. Scores range from 0 (no reported pain) to approximately 36, based on a standardized body map divided into predefined regions. Higher scores indicate more widespread or complex pain distribution.