Personalized Digital Training for COGnitive FITness in Mild Cognitive Impairment

Patient Activation Measure

The Patient Activation Measure (PAM) is a validated and highly reliable scale designed to assess a person's level of activation, defined as their ability to manage their own health and actively participate in care. The PAM identifies four progressive levels of activation: (1) awareness of the importance of one's role in managing health, (2) acquisition of the knowledge and confidence to take action, (3) initiation of health-related behaviors, and (4) consistent maintenance of those behaviors even under stress (Hibbard et al., 2004).

Montreal Cognitive Assessment

The MoCA is a brief cognitive screening tool used to detect mild cognitive impairment. It assesses multiple domains, including attention and concentration, executive functions, memory, language, visuoconstructional skills, abstract reasoning, calculation, and orientation. The test takes approximately 10 minutes to administer and has a maximum score of 30 points; scores of 26 or above are generally considered within the normal range. Tasks include the Trail Making Test, complex figure copying, object naming, word and sentence repetition, attention and verbal fluency tests, abstraction, and orientation questions. Each item is scored according to standardized criteria, allowing for reliable evaluation of a participant's cognitive performance.

Cognitive Reserve Index questionnaire

The CRIq is a psychometric tool designed to assess the cumulative cognitive reserve developed across the lifespan. It evaluates three main domains: education, working activity, and leisure time, and provides an overall composite score of an individual's cognitive reserve. The CRIq is widely used in clinical and neuropsychological research to investigate the protective role of cognitive reserve in age-related cognitive decline and neurodegenerative diseases. Due to its simplicity, reliability, and validity, it is considered a useful tool in both clinical and epidemiological settings.

World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0

The WHODAS 2.0 is a standardized, cross-culturally applicable instrument developed by the World Health Organization to assess health and disability in the general adult population and in clinical settings. WHODAS 2.0 assesses functioning across six key domains: cognition, mobility, self-care, social interaction, daily activities, and participation in society. Grounded in the framework of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF), it measures health and disability as a continuum, regardless of the underlying medical condition. WHODAS 2.0 is available in two main versions-a 36-item full form and a 12-item short form-administered via interview, self-report, or proxy. It provides a composite score reflecting the functional impact of different health conditions and supports monitoring and planning of healthcare interventions.

EuroQol-5 Dimension

The EQ-5D-5L is a standardized and quick-to-administer instrument designed to assess health-related quality of life (HRQL) from the patient's perspective. It evaluates five key dimensions: mobility, self-care, usual activities, pain/discomfort, and anxiety/depression. Each dimension is rated across five severity levels, generating up to 3,125 unique health states and providing a detailed picture of an individual's health status. The EQ-5D-5L also includes a visual analogue scale (VAS) ranging from 0 (the worst imaginable health state) to 100 (the best imaginable health state), allowing patients to provide a global rating of their perceived health. Due to its simplicity and versatility, it is widely used in clinical practice, economic evaluations, and epidemiological research, enabling comparisons across conditions and populations.