Our overall objective is to obtain an initial assessment of the potential value of using \[18F\]3F4AP for imaging demyelinating diseases such as multiple sclerosis:
* Aim 1) Assess the safety of \[18F\]3F4AP in healthy volunteers and subjects with multiple sclerosis (MS). Hypothesis 1: Administration of \[18F\]3F4AP will result in no changes in vitals or other adverse events. * Aim 2) Assess the pharmacokinetics of a bolus infusion of \[18F\]3F4AP in humans including healthy volunteers and MS patients. Hypothesis 2: the pharmacokinetics of \[18F\]3F4AP at the whole brain level will be similar in controls and MS subjects. The kinetics in demyelinated lesions will be slower than in healthy control areas. * Aim 3) Assess the reproducibility of \[18F\]3F4AP in humans. Hypothesis 3: the test/retest variability of \[18F\]3F4AP within the same subject will be lower than 10%. * Aim 4) Correlate MR brain images with \[18F\]3F4AP PET brain images. Hypothesis 4A: all the lesions seen on the MRI will show increased signal (VT or SUV) on the PET images. Hypothesis 4B: some of the lesions on the MRI will show increased signal (VT or SUV) on the PET but not all. * Aim 5) Correlate \[18F\]3F4AP PET signal with neuropsychological testing in people with MS. Hypothesis 5: increased PET signal (VT or SUV) will correlate with impaired Single Digit Modality Test (SDMT) scores. * Aim 6) Correlate \[18F\]3F4AP PET signal with EDSS score in people with MS. Hypothesis 6: increased PET signal (VT or SUV) will correlate with higher EDSS scores.
Subjects must be ≥18 and <65 years of age;
Able to understand and provide informed consent prior to study procedures
Subjects with known structural brain disease (e.g. brain tumor or stroke);
Subjects with life vest;
Subjects with implanted heart device (e.g. ICD, Pacemaker);
Subjects with metallic fragment or foreign body;
Single group
F-18 3F4AP
DrugSubjects will be injected once per imaging session (a maximum of 2 imaging sessions) with up to 10 mCi (±20%) of 18-F 3F4AP as a rapid intravenous bolus (within 1 min).
Binding of 18-F 3F4AP in the brain of healthy volunteers and multiple sclerosis subjects
Binding of the tracer will be quantified using volumes of distribution (VTs). Volume of distribution is the ratio of tracer concentration in tissue to plasma at equilibrium and will be determined using standard pharmacokinetic methods (Innis et al, J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 2007; 27(9): 1533-1539).
Number of participants with adverse events related to tracer administration as assessed by CTCAE v4.0
Determine number of participants adverse events related to tracer administration as assessed by CTCAE v4.0
Binding of 18-F 3F4AP in brain lesions of multiple sclerosis subjects
Binding of the tracer in the lesions will be quantified using volumes of distribution (VTs). Lesions will be delineated based on 3D FLAIR MRI using standardized methods.
Within-subject variability in healthy controls and multiple sclerosis subjects
Within-subject variability (test/retest variability or TRV) of the VT in healthy volunteers and multiple sclerosis subjects
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