The goal of this single-arm trial is to adapt and evaluate the effectiveness of motivational interviewing intervention for treating risky drinking behaviour among indigenous population in Pahang, Malaysia.
To achieve this, the investigators will:
i) Translate 3 questionnaires regarding alcohol consumption from English into Jakun language (a language of one of Malaysia\'s indigenous communities) ii) Adapt a motivational interviewing intervention for treatment of risky drinking for this community iii) Implement the intervention and measure its outcomes using the translated questionnaires
Participants will:
i) Answer translated questionnaires during the validation of questionnaires (phase 1) ii) Receive 3 sessions of motivational interviewing (phase 2)
Individuals in the selected settlement age ≥ 18 years old who are current drinkers, irrespective of volume (current drinker is defined as individual who has consumed any alcoholic beverage in the past 12 months)
Agrees to participate in the study after explanation given
Those with history of serious mental illness or cognitive impairment
Those who are unable to speak proficient Malay or Jakun language
Individuals in the selected settlement and its surrounding, age ≥ 18 years old who are current drinkers
Agrees to participate in the study after explanation given
Single group
Motivational interviewing
BehavioralParticipants will receive motivational interviewing intervention previously, delivered face-to-face at participants' home, 1 session, followed by 2 brief follow-up sessions. Each session is expected to last approximately 30 to 45 minutes.
Severity of alcohol consumption
The extent of alcohol-related consequences e.g. social, legal, physical, and psychological problems (Babor et al., 2001). Measured by Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT-10) score (validated Malay version - already available). Higher AUDIT-10 score indicates more severe alcohol consumption.
Readiness to change
The extent to which an individual is cognitively and emotionally inclined to accept, embrace, and adopt a particular plan to purposefully alter the status quo (Holt et al., 2007). Measured by - Readiness to Change Questionnaire (Revised Version) (RCQ) (Jakun version - to be validated). Outcomes can be pre-contemplation, contemplation, or action stage.
Motivation
An internal state or condition that activates behaviour and gives it direction (Edelman, 1997). Measured by Motivation Thought Frequency Scales for Alcohol (MTF-A) (Jakun version - to be validated). Higher MTF-A score implies higher motivation to quit or cut down alcohol use.
Self-efficacy
Individuals' beliefs or confidence in their capability to produce desired outcomes that affect their lives (Bandura \& Wessels,1994). Measured by Brief Alcohol Abstinence Self-Efficacy 12-Item (AASE) Scale (Jakun version - to be validated). Higher AASE score indicates higher self-efficacy.
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