this study is designed to evaluate and compare the efficacy of dexmedetomidine and nalbuphine as adjuvants to 0.5% bupivacaine in ultrasound-guided infraclavicular brachial plexus block for patients undergoing elective upper limb orthopedic surgeries on the duration of analgesia.
None
None
Parallel
Nalbuphine
DrugNalbuphine will be added to .5% bupivacaine as an adjuvant in infraclavicular nerve block
Dexmedetomidine
DrugDexmedetomidine will be added to .5% bupivacaine as an adjuvant in infraclavicular nerve block
Our primary outcome of this study will be: Duration of Analgesia.
Definition: The time interval (in minutes) between the completion of the infraclavicular block injection and the first request for rescue analgesia (VAS ≥ 3). Scale: Visual Analog Scale (VAS) Scale Title: Visual Analog Scale for Pain (VAS) Minimum Value: 0 (no pain) Maximum Value: 10 (worst possible pain) Interpretation: Higher VAS scores indicate worse pain, and a score of ≥ 3 indicates the need for rescue analgesia.
Onset time of sensory and motor block
Duration of sensory and motor block
Time to first rescue analgesic request
Heart rate (HR)
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