WHY IS THIS RESEARCH BEING CONDUCTED? Membranous glomerulonephritis (MN) is an autoimmune disease that affects the kidneys through autoantibodies, meaning that antibodies produced by your body attack your own kidney cells. The appearance of these autoantibodies can be explained in part by a disruption in the immune response. Patients with this disease are treated with immunosuppressive drugs such as rituximab. The aim of this treatment is to reduce the production of all antibodies, including those responsible for the disease. Despite this treatment, some patients may experience a relapse of the disease. These relapses can be complicated by infections, blood clots in the blood vessels, and, in the long term, can lead to kidney failure and an increased cardiovascular risk. Relapses can also have an impact on patients' social and professional lives.
Dapagliflozin is a diuretic medication, which means that it is used to increase urine production and eliminate excess salt and water from the body to reduce edema (swelling). It is currently prescribed and authorized for patients with type 2 diabetes, heart failure and chronic kidney disease. This treatment has been shown to reduce the amount of proteins in the urine and protect the kidneys and cardiovascular system in patients with chronic kidney disease. A study has also shown that dapagliflozin may have an effect on the immune response.
WHAT DOES IT INVOLVE? The aim of our study will be to evaluate the efficacy of dapagliflozin in reducing disease autoantibodies and preventing relapses.
This research will be conducted at the Nice University Hospital and the Nîmes University Hospital. We expect to 20 patients to be recruited with an anti-PLA2R1 positive MN.
Participation in the study will last 6 months. The research is funded by Nice University Hospital. WHAT IS THE TREATMENT BEING STUDIED? It is dapagliflozin, a drug that is increasingly used routinely in patients with nephrotic syndrome (including MN) for its ability to reduce protein in the urine. Its effect on the immune system in MN has not yet been studied
Participants ≥ 18 years old and < 85 years old;
Membranous Nephropathy associated with anti-PLA2R1 autoantibodies;
Urine Protein Creatinine Ratio (UPCR) between 0.5 g/g and 3.5 g/g;
Immunological relapse defined by an increase in anti-PLA2R1 antibody concentration > 14 RU/mL after a phase of anti-PLA2R1 antibody negativation, (i.e. immunological remission) and complete or partial clinical remission;
Immunosuppressive treatment for MN in the 6 months prior to the selection visit;
Secondary MN (associated with cancer, infectious disease, autoimmune or iatrogenic disease);
Active nephrotic syndrome defined according to KDIGO guidelines as proteinuria > 3.5 g/day (or 3.5 g/g in a urine sample) and albumin < 30 g/L;
No previous history of immunological remission (anti-PLA2R1 antibodies < 14 RU/mL in ELISA or negative indirect immunofluorescence) or clinical remission (partial or complete);
Single group
Forxiga
Drugdapagliflozin treatment at a dose of 10 mg per os daily for 6 months
To measure immunological activity (anti-PLA2R1 antibody concentration) in anti-PLA2R1 antibodies positive MN patients undergoing an immunological relapse, before and after 6 months of dapagliflozin treatment.
Change in anti-PLA2R1 antibody titer (ELISA titer in RU/mL) from baseline to 6 months after dapagliflozin treatment compared with pretreatment antibody titer.
To measure the change in proteinuria over the course of the study in anti-PLA2R1 antibodies positive MN patients undergoing an immunological relapse
Change in proteinuria (in g/g) from baseline to 6 months after dapagliflozin treatment (under stable antiproteinuric treatment)
To measure the change in serum albumin levels over the course of the study in anti-PLA2R1 antibodies positive MN patients undergoing an immunological relapse
Change in albumin levels (in g/L) from baseline to 6 months after dapagliflozin treatment (under stable antiproteinuric treatment)
To measure the change in glomerular filtration rate over the course of the study in anti- PLA2R1 antibodies positive MN patients undergoing an immunological relapse
Change in glomerular filtration rate (in ml/min/1.73m2) from baseline to 6 months after dapagliflozin treatment (under stable antiproteinuric treatment)
To measure the occurrence of clinical relapses over the course of the study in anti-PLA2R1 antibodies positive MN patients undergoing an immunological relapse
Need for Rituximab treatment for clinical relapse (according to KDIGO 2021 guidelines and French 2022 guidelines)
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