This study evaluates Patient-derived Tumor-like Cell Clusters (PTC)-guided individualized neoadjuvant therapy in patients with muscle-invasive bladder cancer who are candidates for radical cystectomy.
Histologically confirmed muscle-invasive urothelial carcinoma of the bladder, with clinical stage cT2-4aN0M0.
Medically suitable for radical cystectomy as assessed by the multidisciplinary team.
Expected survival of at least 18 months.
Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) ≥60 mL/min.
Non-urothelial carcinoma histology, or mixed histology with a predominant non-urothelial component, such as small cell carcinoma or adenocarcinoma.
Evidence of distant metastatic disease on imaging.
Uncontrolled or clinically significant comorbid illness, including but not limited to uncontrolled infection, symptomatic congestive heart failure, uncontrolled hypertension, unstable angina, clinically significant arrhythmia, interstitial lung disease, severe chronic gastrointestinal disease associated with diarrhea, or psychiatric/social conditions that may limit compliance or increase study risk.
Known hypersensitivity or allergy to any study treatment, or history of autoimmune disease.