Role of Kefir Mouth Wash in Oral Health Status Amelioration

Changes in the clinical periodontal parameters of Gingival index

Gingival Index (GI): Subjects will undergo the measurement of the Gingival Index (GI), designed to assess the severity and quality of gingival inflammation in an individual or population. The gingival inflammation is assessed based on color, consistency, and bleeding on probing. The unit of measurement for the Gingival Index (GI) is a numerical scale from 0 to 3, where each number represents the severity of gingival inflammation. Data will be collected based on the following four possible clinical conditions: Score 0 : Normal gingiva -no inflammation, healthy gums. Score1 : Mild Inflammation -slight change in color, slight edema, no bleeding on probing. Score 2 : Moderate Inflammation- redness, edema, and glazing; bleeding on probing. Score 3 : Severe Inflammation -marked redness and edema, ulceration, with a tendency for spontaneous bleeding.

Changes in clinical periodontal parameters of Plaque index

Plaque Index (PI): To determine the Plaque Index (PI) for participant, their dental plaque thickness is evaluated by probing the mesial, distal, buccal, and palatal surfaces of the teeth. During this evaluation, the probe is used to examine the presence of plaque. The individual plaque index will be determined by summing the values obtained for each tooth and calculating the average. scale as unit of measurement. The scoring system for the Plaque Index (PI) is as follows: Score 0 : No plaque-no plaque is present on any of the surfaces being probed. Score1 : Slight plaque- a small amount of plaque is visible at the gingival margin (border of the gum), but it is not abundant. Score2 : Moderate plaque- plaque is visible in moderate amounts, covering a larger portion of the tooth surface. Score 3 : Abundant plaque- a significant amount of plaque is present, covering most or all of the tooth surface.

Assessment of Oral Hygiene Status Using the Simplified Oral Hygiene Index

The Simplified Oral Hygiene Index (SOHI) is used to assess the oral hygiene status of participants by evaluating the amount of plaque and calculus present on their teeth. Using scale 0-3 as unit of measurement. The scoring system is as follows: Score 0 : Excellent Oral Hygiene- no plaque or calculus is present on the teeth. Score 1 : Good Oral Hygiene-small amounts of plaque or calculus are present, but they do not significantly affect oral health. Score 2 :Fair Oral Hygiene- moderate plaque or calculus accumulation is observed, indicating a need for improvement in oral hygiene practices. Score 3 : Poor Oral Hygiene-heavy plaque and/or calculus buildup is present, indicating poor oral hygiene practices and a need for immediate intervention. In this assessment, participants are evaluated based on these categories, with lower scores representing better oral hygiene and higher scores indicating a worse hygienic state.

Changes in the level of Halitosis

The Hali Meter Device (YRY Smart Breath Odor Detector) will be used to measure oral malodor (halitosis) by identifying volatile sulfur compounds (VSCs) . The severity of halitosis will be categorized into four levels based on the social distance cm at which the odor is detectable: Level 1 (Green light): Slight odor (20-65 cm) Level 2 (Yellow light): Moderate odor (65-90 cm) Level 3 (Pink light): Strong odor (90-120 cm) Level 4 (Red light): Intense odor (\>120 cm) Measurement Method: Preparation: Subjects would refrain from eating, drinking, or performing oral hygiene for at least 1 hour before measurement . Test Initiation: The test would begin when the device vibrates and a blue light flashes. Measurement: The subject would blow into the device for 5 seconds, 1 cm away, and the corresponding light color would indicate the severity of halitosis. The results would be saved after pressing the top of the device.

Changes in the level of inflammatory cytokines IL-1β by unstimulated saliva collection

2 mL of unstimulated saliva will be collected from all participants at baseline, and after 14 and 28 days, to measure changes in inflammatory cytokines IL-1β using the Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ELISA technique. Unit of measurement . pg/L picograms per Liter as unit of measurement for IL-1β .

Changes in the level of inflammatory cytokines IL10 by unstimulated saliva collection

2 mL of unstimulated saliva will be collected from all participants at baseline, and after 14 and 28 days, to measure changes in inflammatory cytokines IL-10 using the Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ELISA technique. Unit of measurement: ng/ml nanogram per milliliter as unit of measurement for IL10.