Rhabdomyosarcoma is a type of cancer that occurs in the soft tissues in the body. This phase III trial aims to maintain excellent outcomes in patients with very low risk rhabdomyosarcoma (VLR-RMS) while decreasing the burden of therapy using treatment with 24 weeks of vincristine and dactinomycin (VA) and examines the use of centralized molecular risk stratification in the treatment of rhabdomyosarcoma. Another aim of the study it to find out how well patients with low risk rhabdomyosarcoma (LR-RMS) respond to standard chemotherapy when patients with VLR-RMS and patients who have rhabdomyosarcoma with DNA mutations get separate treatment. Finally, this study examines the effect of therapy intensification in patients who have RMS cancer with DNA mutations to see if their outcomes can be improved.
All patients must be enrolled on APEC14B1 (NCT02402244) and consented to the Molecular Characterization Initiative (Part A) prior to enrollment and treatment on ARST2032 (this trial).
Patients must be =< 21 years at the time of enrollment.
Patients must have newly diagnosed embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma (ERMS), spindle cell/sclerosing RMS, or FOXO1 fusion negative alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma (ARMS) (institutional FOXO1 fusion results are acceptable). RMS types included under ERMS include those classified in the 1995 International Classification of Rhabdomyosarcoma (ICR) as ERMS (classic, spindle cell, and botryoid variants), which are reclassified in the 2020 World Health Organization (WHO) classification as ERMS (classic, dense and botryoid variants) and spindle cell/sclerosing RMS (encompassing the historical spindle cell ERMS variant and the newly recognized sclerosing RMS variant). Enrollment in APEC14B1 is required for all patients.
All patients will be evaluated for stage and clinical group. Note that clinical group designation assigned at the time of enrollment on study remains unchanged regardless of any second-look operation that may be performed.
Patients who have received prior chemotherapy and/or radiation therapy for cancer prior to enrollment. Surgical resection alone of previous cancer(s) is permitted.
Patients who have received chemotherapy or radiation for non-malignant conditions (e.g., autoimmune diseases) are eligible. Patients must discontinue chemotherapy for non-malignant conditions prior to starting protocol therapy.
Vincristine is sensitive substrate of the CYP450 3A4 isozyme. Patients must not have received drugs that are moderate to strong CYP3A4 inhibitors and inducers within 7 days prior to study enrollment.
Patients unable to undergo radiation therapy, if necessary, as specified in the protocol.
Parallel
Biopsy Procedure
Procedure/SurgeryUndergo tumor biopsy
Bone Scan
Procedure/SurgeryUndergo bone scan
Computed Tomography
Procedure/SurgeryUndergo CT scan
Cyclophosphamide
DrugGiven IV
Dactinomycin
Biological/VaccineGiven IV
Magnetic Resonance Elastography
Procedure/SurgeryUndergo MRI
Positron Emission Tomography
Procedure/SurgeryUndergo PET scan
Radiation Therapy
RadiationUndergo radiation
Vincristine
DrugGiven IV
Failure free survival (FFS) for very low risk patients
The Kaplan-Meier method will be used to estimate 3-year FFS along with 80% log-minus-log transformed confidence limits for very low risk (VLR) patients.
Failure free survival (FFS) for low risk patients
The Kaplan-Meier method will be used to estimate 3 year FFS along with 80% log-minus-log transformed confidence limits for low risk (LR) patients.
Overall survival (OS) for very low risk patients
Log-rank test will be used to compare the OS of patients with VLR rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) treated with 24 weeks of vincristine, dactinomycin (VA) to the VLR RMS patients from ARST0331 and D9602 with the same inclusion criteria.
Overall survival (OS) for low risk patients
Log-rank test will be used to compare the OS from LR RMS patients to LR RMS patients from ARST0331 and D9602 with the same inclusion criteria.
Feasibility of central molecular risk stratification of patients assessed by the percentage of patients who have molecular testing results returned by 6 weeks
If the percentage of patients who have molecular testing results returned by 6 weeks is \>= 80% then the central molecular risk stratification is considered feasible.
Methylation array profile of patients with fusion negative, low-risk rhabdomyosarcoma
Summary statistics will be used to describe the methylation array profile of patients with fusion negative, low-risk rhabdomyosarcoma. Correlation between methylation patterns and clinical presentation, histology, and genetics will be evaluated.
Descriptive analysis of patients treated on Regimen M
Summary statistics will be used to provide a descriptive analysis of patients treated on Regimen M, including patient demographics, clinical characteristics and outcomes.
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Children's Oncology Group
Lead sponsor
National Cancer Institute (NCI)
Collaborator