The goal of this clinical trial is to evaluate the clinical effectiveness and understand the biological mechanisms of electroacupuncture (EA) in reducing cognitive toxicity among cancer survivors. The study aims are:
* To evaluate the clinical effectiveness of a 10-week EA regimen targeting neuropsychiatric-related acupoints in reducing cognitive toxicity among cancer survivors in Singapore. * To explore the biological mechanisms underlying EA's effects on cognitive function. * To assess the early implementation of EA for managing cognitive toxicity in cancer survivors.
Researchers will compare results from the true EA arm, sham EA arm and waitlist control arm, to see if electroacupuncture can help improve cognitive issues related to cancer and its treatment, how it may work, and what factors may affect how it is delivered in cancer care.
Participants will:
* Be assigned to either of the 3 arms (true EA, sham EA, waitlist control) * Received 10 EA sessions (if assigned to true or sham EA arm) * Complete 3 study assessment visits at baseline, Week 13, and Week 17 * Be invited to a one-time interview to share their study experience (optional, if selected)
Aged 21-85 years
Documented cancer diagnosis in electronic health records
Perceived by the survivor or oncology care provider that cognitive function has worsened since cancer diagnosis and/or beginning of cancer treatment
Able to understand English or Mandarin
Presence of brain metastases
Severe needle phobia
Known bleeding disorder (e.g. hemophilia, von Willebrand disease, thrombocytopenia).
Current use of antiplatelet or anticoagulant therapy (e.g. aspirin, clopidogrel, warfarin, enoxaparin, rivaroxaban, dabigatran)
Parallel
True electroacupuncture
DeviceElectroacupuncture is administered at 13 predefined acupoints: Shenting (GV24), Baihui (DU20), Sishencong (EX-HN1), Zhongwan (CV12), Guanyuan (CV4), Neiguan (PC6, bilateral), Shenmen (HT7, bilateral), Zusanli (ST36, bilateral), Sanyinjiao (SP6, bilateral), Taixi (KI3, bilateral), Zhaohai (KI6, bilateral), Hegu (LI4, bilateral), and Taichong (LIV3, bilateral.
Sham electroacupuncture
DeviceElectroacupuncture is administered at predefined non-disease related acupoints: Pianli (LI6) bilateral, Wenliu (LI7) bilateral, Futu (ST32) bilateral, Xiajuxu (ST39) bilateral, Daheng (SP15) bilateral, and Jiaosun (TE20) bilateral.
Objective cognitive function - multitasking
Assessed using the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery (CANTAB®) Multitasking Test, a computerized cognitive testing software. Score ranges from 0-160, with a lower score reflecting better performance. Clinically significant improvement is defined as a Reliable Change Index (RCI) exceeding 1.96 from baseline in at least one out of five tests (including this Multitasking Test).
Objective cognitive function - learning and memory
Assessed using the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery (CANTAB®) Paired Associates Learning Test, a computerized cognitive testing software. Score ranges from 0-70, with a lower score reflecting better performance. Clinically significant improvement is defined as a Reliable Change Index (RCI) exceeding 1.96 from baseline in at least one out of five tests (including this Paired Associates Learning Test).
Objective cognitive function - sustained attention
Assessed using the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery (CANTAB®) Rapid Visual Information Processing Test, a computerized cognitive testing software. Score ranges from 0-1, with a higher score reflecting better performance. Clinically significant improvement is defined as a Reliable Change Index (RCI) exceeding 1.96 from baseline in at least one out of five tests (including this Rapid Visual Information Processing Test).
Objective cognitive function - response speed
Assessed using the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery (CANTAB®) Reaction Time Test, a computerized cognitive testing software. Score ranges from 100-5100 ms, with a lower score reflecting faster reaction time. Clinically significant improvement is defined as a Reliable Change Index (RCI) exceeding 1.96 from baseline in at least one out of five tests (including this Reaction Time Test).
Subjective cognitive function
The Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Cognition (FACT-Cog) version 3 is a validated 37-item questionnaire assessing self-perceived subjective cognitive function. The total FACT-Cog score is summed from all items (range: 0-148), with higher scores indicating better subjective cognitive functioning.
Fatigue
The Multidimensional Fatigue Symptom Inventory-Short Form (MFSI-SF) is a validated questionnaire that comprises 30 items and contains 5 subscales, each with 6 items: general fatigue, physical fatigue, emotional fatigue, mental fatigue, and vigor. The total MFSI-SF score is obtained by subtracting the vigor subscale from the sum of all items (range: 24-96), with a higher score indicating higher fatigue level.
Symptom burden
The Rotterdam Symptom Checklist (RSCL) is a validated self-report measure of quality of life in patients with cancer. It includes 30 symptom items, 8 activity items, and 1 overall quality-of-life item. The symptom distress score combines the physical symptom distress scale (23 items, range 23-92) and, psychological distress scale (7 items, range 7-28), for a total range of 30-120. Higher scores indicate greater symptom burden, distress, or quality of life.
Work productivity
The Work Productivity and Activity Impairment (WPAI) questionnaire is a patient-reported outcome measure that assesses the impact of health problems on work productivity and regular activities, including absenteeism, presenteeism, overall work impairment, and activity impairment. Scores in each of these four areas are expressed as a percentage from 0% to 100%, with higher scores indicating greater impairment and worse productivity.
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National Cancer Centre, Singapore
Lead sponsor
Singapore Thong Chai Medical Institution
Collaborator
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