About this trial
As patients live longer after receiving an organ transplant, there is a need to reduce the long-term side effects of the drugs used to prevent organ rejection. In particular, long-term use of these drugs increases the risk of skin cancer. Skin cancer is now a leading cause of illness and disfigurement after kidney, liver, heart, and lung transplantation. Given the increased risk and burden of skin cancer in transplant recipients, prevention is critical.
Nicotinamide is a form of Vitamin B3 that has been shown to protect against skin cancer in the general population. However, it is unclear whether nicotinamide is effective among immune-suppressed transplant recipients. Investigators will conduct a clinical trial involving multiple transplant centres in Canada to evaluate whether oral nicotinamide (500 mg twice daily) is effective and safe for preventing skin cancer. Investigators will recruit 396 high-risk adult kidney, liver, heart, and lung transplant patients who have previously had at least one skin cancer. Patients will receive nicotinamide or sham tablets for up to 4 years. The results will inform efforts to improve the long-term health of transplant recipients.
Eligibility criteria
This trial does not accept healthy volunteersQualifiers
Age ≥ 18 years old
Kidney, liver, heart, or lung transplant at least two years ago
History of at least one prior histologically-confirmed keratinocyte carcinoma or squamous cell carcinoma in situ
Currently immunosuppressed with a calcineurin inhibitor-based regimen (cyclosporine or tacrolimus)
Disqualifiers
Use of nicotinamide or niacin (≥250 mg daily) within past 12 weeks
Untreated localized skin cancer at baseline (patient can enrol after skin cancer treatment)
Biopsy-confirmed acute rejection episode within the past 12 weeks
Active liver disease (high AST >3 times or bilirubin >1.5 times)
Trial design
Parallel
Treatments tested in this trial
Nicotinamide
DrugOral nicotinamide (500 mg) twice daily
Placebo
DrugMatching placebo capsule twice daily
Treatment groups
Trial outcomes
Primary outcomes
Time to first biopsy-confirmed keratinocyte carcinoma (basal cell carcinoma or invasive cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma)
Secondary outcomes
Time to first invasive squamous cell carcinoma during follow-up
Time to first basal cell carcinoma during follow-up
Time to multiple keratinocyte carcinomas over follow-up
Occurrence of adverse events during follow-up
Overall and by body system, frequency, seriousness, and severity
Sponsors and contacts
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Women's College Hospital
Lead sponsor
Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR)
Collaborator
University Health Network, Toronto
Collaborator
NOW Foods
Collaborator