This phase III trial tests whether continuous or intermittent zanubrutinib after achieving a complete remission (CR) with rituximab works in older adult patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) who have not received treatment in the past (previously untreated). Rituximab is a monoclonal antibody that may interfere with the ability of cancer cells to grow and spread. Zanubrutinib may stop the growth of cancer cells by blocking some of the enzymes needed for cell growth. When zanubrutinib is used in MCL, the current standard of care is to continue administering the drug indefinitely until disease progression. This continuous treatment comes with clinical as well as financial toxicity, which could be especially detrimental in older patients. For patients who achieve a CR after initial zanubrutinib plus rituximab therapy, it may be safe and equally effective to stop treatment and restart zanubrutinib upon disease progression rather than continuing indefinitely in previously untreated older adult patients with MCL.
• Histologically confirmed mantle cell lymphoma with cyclin D1 (BCL1) expression by immunohistochemical stains and/or evidence of CCND1 rearrangement or t(11;14)(q13;q32) as confirmed by the enrolling center (such as by fluorescence in situ hybridization [FISH], polymerase chain reaction [PCR]/sequencing, karyotype). Patients with cyclin D1 and/or t(11;14) negative mantle cell lymphoma with an expression profile suggesting a diagnosis of mantle cell lymphoma [MCL] such as SOX11 expression are also eligible
Any stage allowed (stage I-IV)
Patient must have at least one objective measurable disease parameter by PET or CT. Measurable disease in the liver is required if the liver is the only site of lymphoma OR bone marrow involvement by MCL
Steroids for management of mantle cell lymphoma are allowed up to a dose of prednisone 100mg/day (or equivalent) for up to 7 days prior to registration
None
Parallel
Zanubrutinib
DrugGiven PO
Rituximab
Biological/VaccineGiven IV
Patient Observation
Other interventionUndergo observation
Bone Marrow Biopsy
Procedure/Surgeryundergo bone marrow biopsy
Fludeoxyglucose F-18
Other interventionGiven IV
Positron Emission Tomography
Procedure/SurgeryUndergo PET
Computed Tomography
Procedure/SurgeryUndergo CT
Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Procedure/SurgeryUndergo MRI
Esophagogastroduodenoscopy
Procedure/SurgeryUndergo EGD
Colonoscopy
Procedure/SurgeryUndergo colonoscopy
Biospecimen Collection
Procedure/SurgeryUndergo blood sample collection
Questionnaire Administration
Other interventionAncillary studies
Progression-free survival (PFS) 1 (Arm A)
Hazard ratios on the treatment effect will be estimated using a stratified cox proportional hazards model, stratified on age and mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) International Prognostic Index (IPI) score. The primary analysis for non-inferiority will be based on an intent-to-treat (ITT) analysis and will include all randomized patients in the analyses, regardless of eligibility or treatment status. Sensitivity analyses will also be done in an ancillary manner to evaluate and compare our endpoints using a modified ITT approach, and exclude from the analysis those classified as ineligible as well as those who withdraw right after randomization prior to any treatment/observation monitoring.
Progression-free survival (PFS) 2 (Arm B)
Hazard ratios on the treatment effect will be estimated using a stratified cox proportional hazards model, stratified on age and MCL IPI score. The primary analysis for non-inferiority will be based on an ITT analysis and will include all randomized patients in the analyses, regardless of eligibility or treatment status. Sensitivity analyses will also be done in an ancillary manner to evaluate and compare our endpoints using a modified ITT approach, and exclude from the analysis those classified as ineligible as well as those who withdraw right after randomization prior to any treatment/observation monitoring.
Overall survival (OS) (Arms A and B)
Kaplan-Meier methodology will be used to estimate the distributions of OS by treatment arm and log-rank test statistics will be used to compare these distributions between the two treatment arms. Cox Proportional Hazards models may be used to further evaluate covariates of interest with OS, including assessment of treatment effects when adjusting for other known risk factors in the model.
Incidence of adverse events
Will be evaluated and captured using the CTCAE 5.0, where the type and severity grade of each adverse event will be collected and tabulated within each of the treatment arms. Perceived attribution to study treatment will also be captured. The analysis population for this secondary endpoint will include all patients who are registered and randomized on the study and receive at least one dose of study treatment. Adverse events will be monitored continuously throughout the course of the study as well as analyzed at the time of the final primary endpoint analysis. Summary statistics and frequency tables will be used to describe the distributions of adverse events. Rates of adverse events occurring in compared across the treatment arms with chi-squared tests Tolerability will also be evaluated, summarizing rates of dose delays or modifications, reasons patients end treatment, and time to end of active treatment.
Overall response rate (ORR, complete + partial remission)
Will be assessed using Lugano criteria. ORR to induction is defined as the number of patients with complete or partial remission at the end of induction divided by the number of patients who receive at least one dose of the induction regimen. ORR to restart of zanubrutinib is only defined for Arm B, as the number of patients with complete or partial remission after restart of zanubrutinib divided by the number of patients that restart zanubrutinib after first disease progression following randomization. The frequencies and rates of tumor response categories will be summarized by treatment arm for response to induction as well as response to restart of zanubrutinib (Arm B only). ORR to induction and ORR to restart of zanubrutinib (Arm B only) with 95% exact binomial confidence intervals will be calculated by treatment arm. To compare the association of treatment arm and ORR to induction, chi-squared or Fisher's Exact test will be used, whichever is more appropriate at final analysis.
Complete response rate (CR)
Will be assessed using Lugano criteria. CR to induction is defined as the number of patients with complete remission at the end of induction divided by the number of eligible patients who receive at least one dose of the induction regimen. CR to restart of zanubrutinib is only defined for Arm B, as the number of patients with complete remission after restart of zanubrutinib divided by the number of eligible patients that restart zanubrutinib after first disease progression following randomization. CR to induction and CR to restart of zanubrutinib (Arm B patients only) with 95% exact binomial confidence intervals will be calculated by treatment arm. To compare the association of treatment arm and CR to induction, chi-squared or Fisher's Exact test will be used, whichever is more appropriate at the time of the final analysis.
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Alliance for Clinical Trials in Oncology
Lead sponsor
National Cancer Institute (NCI)
Collaborator
