About this trial
Participants will undergo routine pre-operative evaluation. An intravenous line will be placed in the recovery area. On arrival in the operating room, standard monitoring (blood pressure, heart rate, oxygen saturation, ECG, breathing monitor, and temperature) will be applied. A central venous catheter and an arterial line will be inserted under local anesthesia using sterile technique.
Before anesthesia induction, patients will receive premedication including midazolam and an opioid pain-relief injection given slowly through the vein. General anesthesia will then be induced with etomidate. After adequate sedation, a muscle relaxant (atracurium) will be administered, and the patient will be ventilated with 100% oxygen using a face mask. The breathing tube will then be inserted and correct placement confirmed.
During surgery, anesthesia will be maintained with oxygen, sevoflurane gas, and a continuous atracurium infusion. Hemodynamic parameters such as heart rate and blood pressure will be monitored throughout the peri-intubation and intraoperative period.
Eligibility criteria
This trial accepts healthy volunteersQualifiers
Weighing 40-70kg
ASA III of either sex
Undergoing cardiac surgery with CPB
Disqualifiers
None
Trial design
Parallel
Treatments tested in this trial
Nalbuphine
DrugIV Nalbuphine at dose of 0.2 mg/kg will be given 5 minutes before induction of anesthesia
Fentanyl
Drug3 Microgram per kilogram body weight IV Fentanyl will be given 5 minutes before induction of anesthesia
Treatment groups
Trial outcomes
Primary outcomes
Heart Rate
Systolic Blood Pressure
Diastolic Blood Pressure
Mean Blood Pressure
Sponsors and contacts
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