In this study, comparisons will be made between the treatment group (which will receive pegylated interferon alfa-2b treatment) and the observation group (which will receive no drug treatment or be treated with nucleos(t)ide analogs). The primary objectives are to address the following questions: compare the efficacy evaluation indicators (with clinical cure rate as the primary one) between the pegylated interferon alfa-2b treatment group and the observation group; assess whether pegylated interferon alfa-2b treatment improves the clinical cure rate in patients with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection aged 3 years and above but under 18 years (adolescents and children); and explore optimized antiviral treatment regimens for adolescents and children with chronic HBV infection. The secondary objectives are to address the following questions: compare the immune response characteristics between adolescents and children with chronic HBV infection who achieved functional cure after pegylated interferon alfa-2b treatment and those who did not; investigate the immune mechanism underlying the achievement of functional cure in adolescents and children with chronic HBV infection treated with pegylated interferon alfa-2b; and identify plasma markers associated with treatment efficacy for predicting therapeutic outcomes.
Aged 3 years and above but under 18 years;
Positive for hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA;
Positive for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) (above the lower limit of baseline detection or > 0.05 IU/ml);
The subject and their guardian(s) understand the study and voluntarily sign the informed consent form (if the guardians are the subject's parents, both parents must sign jointly).
Co-infection with hepatitis A virus (HAV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), hepatitis D virus (HDV), hepatitis E virus (HEV), or human immunodeficiency virus (HIV);
Decompensated hepatitis B cirrhosis;
Subjects with autoimmune liver disease, metabolic liver disease, alcoholic liver disease, malignant tumor, decompensated liver disease, or a history of organ transplantation;
Subjects with severe neurological or psychiatric diseases;
Parallel
Peginterferon alfa-2b Injection
DrugSubjects in the treatment group will receive pegylated interferon alfa-2b treatment. The dosage will be determined based on height and weight, calculated as 180 μg × body surface area / 1.73 m². The administration method is subcutaneous injection once per week for 48 consecutive weeks. Follow-up visits will be conducted during the treatment period (at Week 4, Week 8, Week 12, Week 24, Week 36, and Week 48) and after the end of treatment (at Week 12 post-treatment and Week 24 post-treatment). The total number of injections administered will not exceed 96.
The efficacy of patients treated with PEG-IFN-α-2b (Pegylated Interferon-α-2b) is evaluated based on HBV serological markers and HBV DNA at baseline, during follow-up, and at the follow-up endpoint.
Subjects in the treatment group will receive PEG-IFN-α-2b (Pegylated Interferon-α-2b) treatment for a consecutive 48 weeks. Follow-up visits will be conducted during the treatment period (Weeks 4, 8, 12, 24, 36, and 48) and after treatment completion (Weeks 12 and 24 post-discontinuation), with the total number of injections not exceeding 96. The efficacy of the treatment for subjects will be mainly evaluated based on the detection results of HBV serological markers (HBsAg、HBsAb、HBeAg、HBeAb、HBcAb) and HBV DNA at time points including baseline, during follow-up, and at the follow-up endpoint.
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