Treating Young Children With Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

Clinical Global Impression-Improvement

The Clinical Global Impression-Improvement scale is a seven-point rating tool that evaluates how a participant's Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder symptoms have changed since their baseline measurement. Although this scale can be used for other mental health conditions, in this study it is applied specifically to Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder. A score of "1" indicates "very much improved," while a score of "7" indicates "very much worse." Higher scores reflect a worse outcome.

Medication discontinuation within 16 weeks

The percent of participants who discontinue medication prior to 16 weeks will be measured to assess treatment acceptability.

Vanderbilt Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Parent Rating Scales

This caregiver-completed questionnaire includes 55 items across three sections. The first section contains 18 Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder symptom items rated on a three-point scale from "Never" (0) to "Very Often" (3), with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder total symptom scores ranging from a minimum of 0 to a maximum of 54. The second section contains 29 items related to behavioral and mental health comorbidity symptoms (e.g., oppositional defiant, disordered conduct, anxiety, and mood symptoms) rated on a three-point scale from "Never" (0) to "Very Often" (3), with comorbidity total symptom scores ranging from a minimum of 0 to a maximum of 87. The third section includes eight performance/impairment-related items rated on a five-point scale from "Excellent" (1) to "Problematic" (5), with performance/impairment total scores ranging from 8 to 40. On all sections, higher scores indicate more severe symptoms and/or greater impairment.

Vanderbilt Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Teacher Rating Scales

This measure, completed by teachers (if applicable), includes 43 items divided into three sections. The first section contains 18 Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder symptoms items rated on a three-point scale from "Never" (0) to "Very Often" (3), with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder total symptom scores ranging from a minimum of 0 to a maximum of 54. The second section contains 17 items related to behavioral and mental health comorbidity symptoms (e.g., oppositional defiant, disordered conduct, anxiety, and mood symptoms) rated on a three-point scale from "Never" (0) to "Very Often" (3), with comorbidity total symptom scores ranging from 0 51. The third section includes eight performance/impairment-related items rated on a five-point scale from "Excellent" (1) to "Problematic" (5), with performance/impairment total scores ranging from 8 to 40. On all sections, higher scores indicate more severe symptoms and/or greater impairment.

Parenting Stress Index Short Form

Caregivers will complete the Parenting Stress Index Short Form, which consists of 36 items. Each item is rated on a five-point scale ranging from 1= "Strongly Disagree" to 5= "Strongly Agree." Total scores can range from 36 to 180, with higher scores indicating greater levels of parenting stress.