Positive Psychology - Based EMl for Enhancing Well-Being
ConditionHealthy Participants Study
Trial statusNot yet recruiting
Trial phaseNot applicable
Trial typeInterventional
Biological sexAll
Age18+
SponsorThe Hong Kong Polytechnic University
About this trial
This study aims to evaluate the acceptability and effectiveness of a positive psychology-based ecological momentary intervention (EMI) for enhancing well-being in college students. A three-arm randomized controlled trial (RCT) will assess the impact of a dynamic EMI that delivers personalized exercises when participants' real-time affect or well-being scores fall below a predefined threshold, compared to control conditions. Primary outcomes include changes in well-being and mental health, evaluated through a mixed-methods approach combining quantitative measures and qualitative interviews.
Eligibility criteria
This trial accepts healthy volunteersQualifiers
Participants in our study are healthy college students.
Have smartphone, and have access to the internet.
Disqualifiers
Unable to use a smartphone.
Have significant cognitive impairment that prevents participation in the research
Trial design
Design model
Parallel
Treatments tested in this trial
Ecological Momentary Intervention
BehavioralThis is a smartphone-based ecological momentary intervention (EMI) that delivers psychological exercises (e.g., gratitude, mindfulness) in an adaptive, "as-needed" manner. Twice daily, the app algorithm assesses a participant's self-reported momentary affect and well-being. If the scores fall below a preset, moderate threshold, a corresponding intervention exercise is automatically triggered. The goal is to provide personalized support at moments of greatest need.
Active Control
BehavioralThis is a smartphone-based ecological momentary intervention (EMI) that delivers the same suite of psychological exercises on a fixed schedule, regardless of the user's current state. Participants are prompted to complete all six available exercises twice daily. This intervention controls for the general effects of exposure to the exercise content and engagement with the app, allowing for a comparison with the adaptive, algorithm-guided EMI.
Treatment groups
354 Participants
are divided into 3 treatment groupsGroup A: EMI GroupExperimental treatment 1 intervention
Group B: Active Control GroupActive comparator 1 intervention
Group C: No-Intervention Control GroupNo intervention 0 interventions
Trial outcomes
Primary outcomes
1
Affect
The 20-item Positive and Negative Affect Schedule Short Form (PANAS-SF) will be used to measure affective states. This scale comprises two subscales: Positive Affect (10 items) and Negative Affect (10 items). Each item is rated on a 5-point scale from 1 (very slightly or not at all) to 5 (extremely). Higher scores on each subscale indicate higher levels of the respective affect.
Time frame
Baseline (pre-intervention); Immediately after the intervention (2 week after baseline)); 1-month follow-up (1 month after intervention)2
Happiness
The 4-item Subjective Happiness Scale (SHS) will be utilized to assess participants' subjective happiness. Each item will be rated on a 7-point Likert scale. Elevated scores on the scale indicate a greater level of subjective happiness.
Time frame
Baseline (pre-intervention); Immediately after the intervention (2 weeks after baseline); 1-month follow-up (1 month after intervention)3
Flourishing
The 8-item Flourishing Scale (FS) will be used to measure psychological well-being and self-perceived success in important areas such as relationships, self-esteem, and purpose. Each item is rated on a 7-point scale from 1 (strongly disagree) to 7 (strongly agree), with higher scores indicating a greater level of psychological well-being.
Time frame
Baseline (pre-intervention); Immediately after the intervention (2 weeks after baseline); 1-month follow-up (1 month after intervention)4
Satisfaction with Life
Satisfaction with life is measured by the 5-item Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS). All items are rated on a 7-point scale from 1 (strongly disagree) to 7 (strongly agree), with higher scores indicating higher satisfaction with life.
Time frame
Baseline (pre-intervention); Immediately after the intervention (2 weeks after baseline); 1-month follow-up (1 month after intervention)Secondary outcomes
1
State Subjective Happiness
State Subjective Happiness will be measured by the 2-item Subjective Happiness Scale with each item rated on a 7-point Likert scale from 1 (not a very happy person) to 7 (a very happy person).
Time frame
During the 14-day intervention period, this measurement is conducted twice per day as part of the momentary assessments, and once each evening as part of the Daily Diary assessment at 9:00 PM.2
State affect
State affect will be tapped by the 9-item Ecological Mood Indicator. Participants indicate their momentary feelings on a 7-point Likert scale ranging from 1 (not at all) to 7 (extremely), for NA (e.g., depressed, worried/anxious, and unhappy) and PA (e.g., joyful, happy, and enjoyment/fun)
Time frame
During the 14-day intervention period, this measurement is conducted twice per day as part of the momentary assessments, and once each evening as part of the Daily Diary assessment at 9:00 PM.3
State Well-Being
State stress will be measured with one item adapted from the Psychological Stress Measure (PSM-9) using a 5-point Likert scale ranging from 0 (Not at all stressed) to 4 (Extremely stressed).
Time frame
During the 14-day intervention period, this measure is also administered each evening at 9:00 PM as part of the Daily Diary assessment.4
State Anxiety and Depression
State Anxiety and Depression will be measured with the four-item Patient Health Questionnaire for Depression and Anxiety (PHQ-4). Responses are scored as 0 ("not at all"), 1 ("several days"), 2 ("more than half the days"), or 3 ("nearly every day"), with the total score on this composite measure ranging from 0 to 12.
Time frame
During the 14-day intervention period, this measure is also administered each evening at 9:00 PM as part of the Daily Diary assessment.Other outcomes
1
Socio-demographic variables
The following socio-demographic variables such as sex, age, grade, and family income will be collected.
Time frame
Baseline (pre-intervention)Sponsors and contacts
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Source ClinicalTrials.gov
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