The study is a pre-implementation cross-sectional study exploring chemsex behaviors among transgender persons and gathering perspectives from multiple stakeholders to inform the development of transgender-tailored harm reduction services.
Age ≥18 years
Able to communicate in Thai
Provide informed consent
None
G1: Transgender chemsex users * Transgender women or transgender men * Current or former chemsex users G2: Family / partners * Family members, friends, or partners of transgender persons * Never engaged in chemsex * Able to communicate in Thai G3: Stakeholders * Healthcare providers, policymakers, law enforcement, counselors, community leaders * Involved in chemsex-related care/policy * Able to communicate in Thai
Other
Cross-sectional
Understanding of chemsex patterns, impacts, and service needs among transgender persons
Behavioral: During study period (single visit within \~12 months study duration)
Key themes on chemsex behaviors and service needs
Qualitative themes identified from semi-structured in-depth interviews, including: * Reasons for engaging in chemsex * Patterns of substance use * Perceived positive and negative impacts * Harm reduction practices * Needs for transgender-tailored services Themes will be identified using thematic analysis.
Barriers and facilitators to implementation of transgender-tailored chemsex services
Barriers and facilitators to implementation identified using the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) domains based on stakeholder and participant interviews.
Chemsex-related behavioral and demographic characteristics
Descriptive characteristics of participants, including demographic data, substance use patterns, and behavioral risk factors collected via questionnaire.
HIV-related stigma score
HIV-related stigma will be assessed using the HIV Stigma Scale (HSS). The HSS is a validated instrument measuring multiple domains of stigma, including personalized stigma, disclosure concerns, negative self-image, and concerns with public attitudes. The total score ranges from 40 to 160, with higher scores indicating greater levels of HIV-related stigma (worse outcome) Score (range: 40-160)
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Institute of HIV Research and Innovation Foundation, Thailand
Lead sponsor
amfAR, The Foundation for AIDS Research
Collaborator
