Predictors of Androgen Status Decline in Middle-Aged Men

Decreased testosterone levels in middle-aged men are associated with multiple metabolic, functional and psychosocial consequences. Early identification of modifiable factors associated with reduced testosterone levels may facilitate the early identification of men at increased risk of testosterone deficiency and support preventive healthcare strategies.

This population-based cross-sectional observational study aims to investigate anthropometric, functional and lifestyle-related factors associated with serum total testosterone levels in middle-aged men. Approximately 600 men aged 35-59 years residing in the Andijan region of Uzbekistan will be recruited.

Participants will undergo comprehensive assessment including anthropometric measurements, functional performance tests, standardised questionnaires and laboratory determination of serum total testosterone concentrations. Anthropometric variables will include body mass index, waist circumference, hip circumference, waist-to-hip ratio and waist-to-height ratio. Functional status will be assessed using hand-grip strength, the five-times chair-stand test and the 4-m walk test. Lifestyle-related factors including physical activity, sleep quality, dietary habits, smoking, alcohol consumption and psychoemotional status will be evaluated using validated questionnaires.

The study aims to identify factors associated with serum total testosterone levels and to develop a predictive model for the early identification of men at increased risk of testosterone deficiency.