This retrospective observational study aims to evaluate the relationship between preoperative fasting duration and gastric residue in pediatric patients undergoing upper gastrointestinal endoscopy for gastrointestinal symptoms or pathology. The study will assess the associations between gastric residue, gastrointestinal symptoms, underlying gastrointestinal diseases, and endoscopic findings. Data will be retrospectively collected from hospital records, anesthesia records, and endoscopy reports to investigate whether prolonged fasting duration reliably predicts an empty stomach in pediatric gastrointestinal patients.
Pediatric patients aged under 18 years
Patients who underwent upper gastrointestinal endoscopy for gastrointestinal symptoms or pathology
Patients with available hospital records, anesthesia records, and endoscopy reports
Patients with documented preoperative fasting duration
Patients aged 18 years or older
Patients with missing or incomplete data for key study variables
Patients without documented preoperative fasting duration
Patients without documented gastric residue assessment during endoscopy
Pediatric patients undergoing upper gastrointestinal endoscopy for evaluation of gastrointestinal symptoms or suspected gastrointestinal pathology at a single tertiary care center will be included in this retrospective observational study. The study population will consist of patients evaluated between January 2025 and April 2026. Data will be retrospectively obtained from hospital information systems, anesthesia records, electronic medical records, and endoscopy reports. The study will evaluate demographic characteristics, gastrointestinal symptoms, preoperative fasting duration, endoscopic findings, underlying gastrointestinal diseases, medication use, and endoscopically observed gastric residue.
Cohort
Retrospective
Upper Gastrointestinal Endoscopy
Procedure/SurgeryUpper gastrointestinal endoscopy performed for evaluation of gastrointestinal symptoms or pathology in pediatric patients. The procedure was conducted under sedation or anesthesia according to institutional clinical practice. Endoscopic findings and endoscopically observed gastric residue were retrospectively evaluated from medical records and endoscopy reports.
Gastric Residue Severity
Severity of endoscopically observed gastric residue during upper gastrointestinal endoscopy, categorized as none, mild, moderate, or severe according to endoscopic findings documented in medical records and endoscopy reports.
Clinically Relevant Gastric Residue
Presence of clinically relevant gastric residue during upper gastrointestinal endoscopy, defined as moderate or severe gastric residue based on endoscopic observation documented in medical and endoscopy records.
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