Health awareness videos are integral in disseminating knowledge about respiratory infectious diseases (RIDs). The aim of this study is to produce and evaluate an evidence-based health awareness video on precautionary measures against respiratory infectious diseases among public transportation drivers in Lebanon. You will be asked to watch a newly produced health-awareness video, then we will test your knowledge about respiratory infectious diseases , health-risk perceptions, attitude towards vaccination, and cognitive dissonance. Public transportation drivers are eligible to enroll if they operate within the Lebanese public transportation system, regardless of their gender. A proportionate sample of drivers will be invited to enroll from various Lebanese regions. The experimental group (n=80) will watch a health-awareness video, whereas the control group (n=80) will watch a neutral video on traffic signs. Participants' knowledge about RID, health-risk perceptions, attitude towards vaccination, and cognitive dissonance will be evaluated. The trial study will be conducted in community settings where public transportation drivers are naturally present (transportation stations, parking lots). A written informed consent will be sought. Data will be electronically recorded. Data will remain anonymous during data entry/analyses. An incentive will be provided.
Public transportation drivers who operate within the Lebanese public transportation system, regardless of their nationality or gender.
Commercial drivers (trucks) or others who are not in a daily contact with commuters.
Drivers who are unwilling to enroll in the study or unable to comprehend written/verbal Arabic language will be excluded.
Parallel
Health awareness video on precautionary measures against respiratory infectious disease
Other interventionDrafting of a narrative blueprint of the script for the health-awareness video is inspired by published and unpublished evidence-based studies previously conducted on public transportation drivers in Lebanon. This ensures the video content is evidence-based, culturally oriented, socially acceptable and tailored towards the target viewers. Using a Delphi technique, the script will be revised by a panel of experts in public health, infection control, psychology, filmmaking, and public transportation (drivers, users, stakeholders). Experts will evaluate the script using two validated assessment tools, the Patient Education Materials Assessment Tool (PEMAT) and DISCERN. Once consensus is reached, the video will be produced.
Knowledge
Knowledge about RID mode of transmission and prevention will be evaluated (Khoury and Salameh 2015, Choucair, El Sawda et al. 2021). The percentage mean of knowledge scores (PMS±SD) will be presented. Higher scores indicate better knowledge. This variable measures the effectiveness of the health awareness video.
Patient Education Materials Assessment Tool - Audiovisual (PEMAT-AV) and • DISCERN tool
PEMAT-AV systematically evaluates the understandability and actionability of educational materials. Understandability is the viewers' ability to understand the video regardless of their diverse backgrounds and varying levels of health literacy. Actionability is the viewers' ability to identify what they can do based on the information presented in the video regardless of their background and level of health literacy. PEMAT produces separate numeric scores for understandability and actionability. DISCERN: to enable information providers to judge the quality of information about treatment choices. DISCERN facilitates the production of new, high quality, and evidence-based consumer health information. DISCERN became a reliable and valid instrument for judging the quality of written consumer health information.
Health-risk perceptions
Health-risk perceptions: participants' health-risk perceptions will be evaluated following two dimensions of the HBM that are the perceived susceptibility (2 items) and the perceived severity of RID (3 items) (Adams, Hall et al. 2014).
Attitude towards vaccination
participants' attitude towards vaccination will be evaluated using three domains of the Vaccination Attitudes Examination (VAX) scale: unexplored side effects of the vaccines (5 statements), pharmaceutical companies profiteering from vaccines (3 statements), and preferred reliance on natural immunity (3 statements). VAX is a generic tool that identifies people with negative attitudes towards vaccines (Martin and Petrie 2017).
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