About this trial
This prospective observational study aims to evaluate whether the difference between finger, earlobe and forehead SpO₂ (ΔSpO₂) measured at emergency department (ED) presentation is associated with clinical outcomes in adult patients presenting with dyspnea. We will compare ΔSpO₂ between patients with poor outcomes (death or intensive care unit \[ICU\] admission) and those with favorable outcomes. Secondary objectives include assessing the prognostic value of ΔSpO₂ for mortality, ICU admission, and lactate, and comparing its predictive performance with established early warning scores.
Eligibility criteria
This trial does not accept healthy volunteersQualifiers
Adult patients aged 19 years or older presenting to the emergency department with dyspnea, classified as KTAS level 1-3
Disqualifiers
Patients in whom SpO₂ measurements were not obtained simultaneously
Patients in whom arterial blood gas analysis was not ordered at initial evaluation
Pregnant patients
Patients with facial trauma or hand trauma
Trial population
We will enroll patients who meet the enrollment criteria who visit an emergency department of a tertiary teaching hospital located in Seoul, South Korea.
Trial design
Cohort
Prospective
Treatments tested in this trial
Not listed
Trial groups
Trial outcomes
Primary outcomes
In-hospital mortality or ICU admission
In-hospital mortality or ICU admission of index visit
Sponsors and contacts
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