The purpose of this study is to characterize proprioceptive sensations in the missing limb of upper limb amputees using nerve stimulation, and to develop advanced controllers for moving a prosthesis. Proprioceptive sensations are the sensations that tell individuals where their hand is in space, and if it is moving. The research team uses Functional Electrical Stimulation (FES), which involves applying small electric currents to the nerves. These signals are then transferred to the brain just like the information about the individual's intact hand used to be transferred to their brain. This study will test different placements for stimulation and determine which one(s) provide the individual with proprioceptive sensations. The investigators want to know what the participants feel and if the investigators can use proprioceptive sensation to give the participants information about limb movement and position.
Veteran
Unilateral upper limb amputation above or below the elbow with fully healed and healthy surgical sites
Viable peripheral nerve function in the residual nerves serving the limb
Volitional activity of the residual muscles in the amputated limb or actuating movement of the limb
Bilateral upper limb amputation, unless the amputation on the contralateral side only involves missing digits but does not qualify as a partial hand amputation
Inability to speak English
Medically unfit to undergo surgery
Pregnancy, or those who are of childbearing potential, unwilling to prevent pregnancy during the trial