Randomized Controlled Trial on Precision Mental Health

Patient Health Questionnaire

It includes 9 items to assess the extent to which respondents are bothered by depression-related symptoms using a 4-point scale from 0 (not at all) to 3 (nearly every day). PHQ-9 has been validated and used widely in the general population for screening and measuring depression severity. Scores of 5, 10, 15, and 20 denote mild, moderate, moderately severe, and severe levels of depression respectively (range: 0-27). PHQ-9 has sensitivity of 0.88 and specificity of 0.88 in detecting major depressive disorder (MDD) at a cut-off of 10. The internal consistency reliability of the Chinese version of the scale was 0.86.

Patient Health Questionnaire

It includes 9 items to assess the extent to which respondents are bothered by depression-related symptoms using a 4-point scale from 0 (not at all) to 3 (nearly every day). PHQ-9 has been validated and used widely in the general population for screening and measuring depression severity. Scores of 5, 10, 15, and 20 denote mild, moderate, moderately severe, and severe levels of depression respectively (range: 0-27). PHQ-9 has sensitivity of 0.88 and specificity of 0.88 in detecting major depressive disorder (MDD) at a cut-off of 10. The internal consistency reliability of the Chinese version of the scale was 0.86.

Generalized Anxiety Disorder Assessment

It is a 7-item scale to assess the extent to which respondents are bothered by anxiety-related symptoms using a 4-point scale from 0 (not at all) to 3 (nearly every day). Scores of 5, 10, and 15 denote the mild, moderate, and severe levels of anxiety respectively (range: 0-21). At a cut-off of 10, GAD-7 has sensitivity of 0.89 and specificity of 0.82 in detecting generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). The internal consistency of the Chinese version was 0.93.

Generalized Anxiety Disorder Assessment

It is a 7-item scale to assess the extent to which respondents are bothered by anxiety-related symptoms using a 4-point scale from 0 (not at all) to 3 (nearly every day). Scores of 5, 10, and 15 denote the mild, moderate, and severe levels of anxiety respectively (range: 0-21). At a cut-off of 10, GAD-7 has sensitivity of 0.89 and specificity of 0.82 in detecting generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). The internal consistency of the Chinese version was 0.93.

The Brief Experiential Avoidance Questionnaire (BEAQ)

The Brief Experiential Avoidance Questionnaire includes 15 items to measure experiential avoidance in 2 subscales: cognitive avoidance and behavioral avoidance. Items are rated on a 6-point Likert scale from 1 (strongly disagree) to 6 (strongly agree). Item 6 is reverse-coded. The BEAQ shows good reliability (Cronbach's alpha = 0.80-0.89) for various samples.

The Brief Experiential Avoidance Questionnaire (BEAQ)

The Brief Experiential Avoidance Questionnaire includes 15 items to measure experiential avoidance in 2 subscales: cognitive avoidance and behavioral avoidance. Items are rated on a 6-point Likert scale from 1 (strongly disagree) to 6 (strongly agree). Item 6 is reverse-coded. The BEAQ shows good reliability (Cronbach's alpha = 0.80-0.89) for various samples.

Behavioral Activation for Depression Scale - Short Form

The 9-item short version of Behavioral Activation for Depression Scale measures changes in activation and avoidance in the previous week. Items are rated on a 7-point Likert scale from 0 (not at all) to 6 (completely). Items 1, 6, 7, and 8 are reverse-coded. Higher scores on the total score represent increased activation. The BADS-SF has demonstrated good internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha = 0.82), construct validity, and predictive validity.

Behavioral Activation for Depression Scale - Short Form

The 9-item short version of Behavioral Activation for Depression Scale measures changes in activation and avoidance in the previous week. Items are rated on a 7-point Likert scale from 0 (not at all) to 6 (completely). Items 1, 6, 7, and 8 are reverse-coded. Higher scores on the total score represent increased activation. The BADS-SF has demonstrated good internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha = 0.82), construct validity, and predictive validity.