This is a cross-sectional obsessional study.
This study explores how different sitting conditions affect two important muscles-the diaphragm and the sternocleidomastoid (SCM)-work during breathing exercises. The diaphragm is the main muscle for breathing, while the SCM helps when taking deeper breaths. Understanding how these muscles interact while sitting under various conditions can help improve breathing training techniques.
The study's objectives are (1) to investigate the relationship between diaphragm thickness fraction with 4 different sitting conditions during loaded inspiration among healthy adults and (2) To investigate the relationship between SCM activity with 4 different sitting conditions during loaded inspiration among healthy adults.
This research will conduct healthy adults, who will be instructed to breathe against resistance provided by the IMT while sitting on four different conditions: a regular chair, a soft pad with feet on the ground, a soft pad with feet on two additional soft pads, and a single soft pad with both feet on one pad. By using ultrasound to measure how thick the diaphragm gets and surface electromyography (sEMG) to track SCM activity, the data will be gathered on how these muscles function under different conditions.
The goal is to find out if sitting on unstable surfaces, like soft pads, can enhance diaphragm use compared to a stable chair. These surfaces may change how effectively the diaphragm and SCM work together. This research could lead to better recommendations for inspiratory muscle training (IMT), which helps strengthen these muscles, especially for people with breathing difficulties.
By identifying how posture influences muscle recruitment during breathing exercises, hoping to contribute valuable insights that can improve rehabilitation programs for individuals with respiratory conditions.
aged 18-35 years - No recent thoracic surgery in the past 6 months
Absence in history of chronic respiratory illness
Able to breathe spontaneously
Conscious, able to follow instructions on the use of IMT device
with known cardiovascular, pulmonary or musculoskeletal disorders that would limit their functional capacity (E.g. Asthma, COPD)
presence with respiratory symptoms over past 2 weeks
pregnancy
malignancy
aged 18-35 healthy young adults
Case-crossover
Cross-sectional
Not listed
Diaphragmatic thickening fraction
Diaphragmatic thickening fraction is determined by "(thickness of the diaphragm at end inspiratory - thickness at end expiratory)/thickness at end expiratory". Diaphragmatic thickness will be measured by ultrasonography.
Muscle activation of the sternocleidomastoid muscle
Surface electromyography will be used to measure accessory inspiratory muscle (sternocleidomastoid muscles) activity during each inspiratory muscle training intensity.
Borg's scale
The Borg scale is widely used for measuring perceived exertion during physical activity. It can gauge how hard individuals are exerting while taking into account the individual's heart rate, breathing effort, and fatigue level. Participant's subjective experience would also gauge the score of the scale. The Borg RPE scale would be used to measure exertion during exercise as it has a high correlation with physiological measurements. It is quantified from 0 to 10, where 0 represents no symptoms, and 10 represents the maximum symptoms.
The Short Form (12) Health Survey
The SF-12 is a multidimensional generic measure of health-related quality of life which is based on items taken from the SF-36 health survey. It is composed of standardized questionnaires which cover 12 items selected from the SF-36.It includes 8 domains, physical functioning, role-physical, role-emotional, mental health, bodily pain, general health, vitality, and social functioning. It is scored to produce 2 summary scores, the physical and mental health summaries (PCS and MCS). Scores above 50 predict a better-than-average health-related quality of life. Scores below 50 are considered as below-average health.
Click on the lead sponsor to view all of their trials.
This trial is not recruiting at the moment. You can still explore other options:
