Relation Between Swimming Stroke Types And Scapular Dyskinesia In Swimmers: A Cross - Sectional Study
Trial statusRecruiting
Trial phaseNot listed
Trial typeObservational
Biological sexAll
Age13-19
SponsorNouran Emad Hussin Elbosaily
About this trial
The goal of this cross-sectional observational study is to examine the relationship between swimming stroke specialization and scapular movement and shoulder function in healthy competitive swimmers aged 13 to 19 years. The study will include 80 swimmers: 20 specializing in each of four strokes-freestyle, backstroke, breaststroke, and butterfly. Each stroke group will include 10 males and 10 females. Eligible swimmers will have at least 5 years of competitive swimming experience and at least 1 year of continuous participation in sanctioned competitions. Swimmers with a major upper-limb injury or surgery in the previous 6 months will not be included. The main questions the study aims to answer are:
* Is swimming stroke specialization related to scapular dyskinesia, assessed by measuring scapular upward rotation? * Is swimming stroke specialization related to the strength of the serratus anterior, middle trapezius, and lower trapezius muscles? * Is swimming stroke specialization related to shoulder internal rotation range of motion, posterior shoulder capsular tightness, and pectoralis minor length?
Researchers will compare the measurements among the four stroke-specialization groups to determine whether scapular movement and shoulder function differ by stroke type. Assessments will be performed on the participants' dominant side.
Participants will:
* Complete a Google Form providing demographic and swimming-related information, including age, sex, height, weight, body mass index, dominant side, breathing side, and stroke specialization * Have scapular upward rotation assessed from photographs taken at rest and at 90- and 120-degree arm elevation positions; the photographs will be analyzed using Kinovea software * Have serratus anterior, middle trapezius, and lower trapezius muscle strength measured using a handheld dynamometer * Have shoulder internal rotation range of motion measured using a bubble inclinometer * Complete physical assessments of posterior shoulder capsular tightness and pectoralis minor length
This is an observational study. Participants will go through treatment or medication will be given.
Eligibility criteria
This trial accepts healthy volunteersQualifiers
Age ranges from 13 to 19 years old
Healthy elite with no history of major upper limb injury or surgery in the last 6 months.
A minimum of 5 years' experience in competitive swimming with at least 1 year of continuous active involvement in sanctioned competitions.
Specialization in a particular swimming stroke (Free style, backstroke, breaststroke or butterfly stroke).
Disqualifiers
They had a history of major upper limb injuries or surgeries, or were diagnosed with systemic, neurological, or rheumatological diseases.
They are not a specialized in a particular swimming stroke.
They have below than 5 years of experience in competitive swimming.
Trial population
Healthy adolescent competitive swimmers that are specialized in a specific swimming stroke type
Trial design
Design model
Cohort
Time perspective
Cross-sectional
Treatments tested in this trial
Not listed
Trial groups
80 Participants
are grouped into 4 trial groupsGroup A: Freestyle stroke
Group B: Butterfly stroke
Group C: Breaststroke
Group D: Backstroke
Trial outcomes
Primary outcomes
1
Scapular Dyskinesis through scapular upward rotation angle by 2D motion analysis.
scapular upward rotation angle will be calculated through kinovea software system, a photograph will be uploaded and the angle will be calculated in 3 different shoulder positions
Time frame
At the single assessment visit after enrollmentSecondary outcomes
1
Scapular muscle strength
Serratus anterior, lower trapezius and middle trapezius strength will be assessed using Hand-Held dynamometer Serratus anterior : subject will be in sitting position with the trunk supported, shoulder will be flexed to 90° in the scapular plane the elbow extended, and the forearm in neutral. HHD will be placed against the distal humerus, just proximal to the elbow. (IJspeert et al., 2019). Middle Trap: The subject will be in prone position with shoulder external rotation and 90° abduction, resistance is applied on the arm against the motion of shoulder horizontal abduction (Camargo \& Neumann, 2019). Lower Trap: subject in prone with arm elevated in the range of 130-145° in line with the fibers of lower trapezius. The HHD will be applied to the lateral aspect of the distal radius and the subject will be asked to raise his arm off the table toward the ceiling while pulling the scapula downward in the direction of scapular position. (Kolber et al., 2009).
Time frame
At the single assessment visit after enrollment2
Glenohumeral internal rotation range of motion
The subject will be positioned in supine-lying position with shoulder into 90° of abduction and 90° of elbow flexion with the arm in neutral rotation, with bubble inclinometer will be placed just proximal to the styloid process of the ulna on the dorsal surface of the forearm. Palpation of the coracoid process will be used to judge scapular movement. Arm will be moved into IR until a capsular end feel will be achieved or scapular movement will be felt(Kevern et al., 2014).
Time frame
At the single assessment visit after enrollment3
Posterior Capsular Tightness
The subject will be positioned in side-lying on the non-tested side, with both the hips and knees in 90° of flexion, the entire body in contact with the table. A small mark was made with a felt-tip pen on the medial epicondyle of the arm to be tested. The subject's acromion will be aligned perpendicular to the treatment table with the spine in neutral position. With the tester facing the subject, and the humerus will be at 90° of shoulder abduction and 0° of humeral rotation for the beginning of the test. With the subject relaxed, the tester then passively lowered the arm into horizontal adduction while maintaining neutral humeral rotation and scapular stabilization. Full posterior shoulder capsule flexibility was defined as achievement of maximum humeral horizontal adduction or the initiation of scapular motion. At the end range of motion, the distance tip of medial epicondyle and the table surface will be measured using standard tape measurement (Duzgun et al., 2017).
Time frame
At the single assessment visit after enrollment4
Pectoralis Minor Length
The subject will be in supine position, with flexed elbows and rested against the lateral wall of the abdomen, the distance from treatment table to the posterior aspect of the acromion will be measured using a rigid plastic transparent right-angle triangle, without exerting any downward pressure into the table, the base of the protractor will be placed on the treatment table and the vertical side will be placed adjacent to the lateral aspect of the acromion (Lewis \& Valentine, 2007).
Time frame
At the single assessment visit after enrollmentSponsors and contacts
Click on the lead sponsor to view all of their trials.
Nouran Emad Hussin Elbosaily
Lead sponsor
Cairo University
Sponsor institution
Source ClinicalTrials.gov