The purpose of this study; To determine the relationship between respiratory muscle strength, balance, trunk control, functional capacity and motor functions in stroke patients and compare them with healthy individuals.
Stroke individuals over the age of 18
Patients with another neurological problem (Parkinson, Multiple sclerosis, etc.) that will affect functionality and balance other than stroke
Patients with orthopedic problems (short limbs, spine and lower extremity surgery) with pulmonary disease
Patients with cooperation and communication problems
Stroke individuals over the age of 18 and healthy individuals who are followed up with a diagnosis of ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke and who apply to Kırıkkale University Faculty of Medicine Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation clinic will be included in our study. Socio-demographic characteristics of all individuals (age, height, body weight, body mass index, exercise and smoking habits, dominant side, lesion side, stroke type and onset, comorbid conditions, fall history, etc.) will be recorded.
Case-control
Cross-sectional
Not listed
Evaluation of respiratory functions
Measurements will be made in a sitting position using a spirometer (BTL-08 Spiro Pro system, Germany). Measurements are carried out in accordance with the recommendations of ATS (American Thoracic Society). The best of three consecutive measurements in each case is recorded. After respiratory function tests, FEV1, FVC, FEV1/FVC and PEF values are recorded. Pulmonary function test parameters are expressed as a percentage of expected values according to age, height, body weight and gender. Evaluations will be made by a physiotherapist experienced in Cardiopulmonary Rehabilitation.
Respiratory Muscle Strength Measurement
Respiratory muscle strength will be measured using a portable, electronic mouth pressure measuring device (MEC Pocket Spiro MPM100, Belgium). One of the most frequently used and non-invasive methods for evaluating respiratory muscles is the measurement of maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP) and maximal expiratory pressure (MEP). These are the intraoral pressures measured during maximal inspiration and expiration against a valve that closes the respiratory tract. MIP is the pressure (in effect negative pressure) created to open closed alveoli at the highest level of residual volume. The person being tested is made to take maximum inspiration, and at the end of this, the respiratory tract is closed with a valve and the person is asked to take maximum inspiration and continue this for 1-3 seconds.In MEP measurement, the person is asked to perform maximal inspiration against the closed airway for 1-3 seconds after maximal inspiration.
Evaluation of Balance
Berg Balance Scale was designed to quantitatively evaluate balance and determine the risk of falling, and was preferred because it evaluates people's ability to maintain their balance while performing functional activities. BBS consists of 14 items for direct observation of maintaining body balance during performance. Each item is scored between 0-4 depending on the patient's ability to meet the specific time and distance requirements for the test. In the test, which is made more difficult by reducing the support base, a score of 4 indicates the ability to complete the task independently and a score of 0 indicates an inability to initiate the task. The test measures the level of dependence and/or independence and the person's ability to change positions during positions such as standing from sitting to standing, standing with feet together, standing in tandem position, balancing on one leg.
Functional reach test
It is used to measure the stability limits of patients. For the test, the patient is asked to raise his unaffected arm forward 90° and make a fist with his hand, and to reach forward as much as he can by following the meter placed at shoulder level, without any loss of movement or balance in the feet, and the distance between the first and last measurement is measured by taking the 3rd Metacarpolaryngeal joint as a criterion. The test was repeated 3 times and the average value was recorded in cm.
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