This cross-sectional observational study aims to investigate the relationship between obstacle crossing performance under single-task and dual-task conditions and the levels of fatigue and disability in individuals with Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis (RRMS). Walking performance will be assessed under standard walking and obstacle crossing conditions with and without a concurrent cognitive task. The study will examine how increased task complexity affects walking performance and its association with fatigue, disability, cognition, and functional mobility.
Age between 18 and 65 years.
Diagnosis of Multiple Sclerosis according to the 2017 McDonald criteria.
Diagnosis of Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis.
Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) score between 0 and 6.
Multiple sclerosis relapse within the previous month.
Physician-diagnosed psychiatric disorder.
Neurological, orthopedic, cardiac, or pulmonary disease other than Multiple Sclerosis that could interfere with study assessments.
Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) score below 26.
Adults aged 18 to 65 years with Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis who are followed at the Neurology Outpatient Clinic of Kocaeli City Hospital, have an EDSS score between 0 and 6, are clinically stable, and meet all eligibility criteria.
Case-only
Cross-sectional
Not listed
Dual-Task Cost During Obstacle Crossing
Walking performance will be assessed using the 10-Meter Walk Test under four conditions: single-task walking, dual-task walking with serial-3 subtraction, single-task obstacle crossing, and dual-task obstacle crossing with serial-3 subtraction. Walking time and cognitive task performance will be recorded. Dual-Task Cost (DTC, %) will be calculated to quantify the effect of performing a concurrent cognitive task during walking.
The Modified Fatigue Impact Scale (MFIS)
The Modified Fatigue Impact Scale (MFIS) evaluates the impact of fatigue on physical, cognitive, and psychosocial functioning during the previous month. Total scores range from 0 to 84, with higher scores indicating greater fatigue impact
Multiple Sclerosis Walking Scale-12 (MSWS-12)
The Multiple Sclerosis Walking Scale-12 is a patient-reported outcome measure that evaluates the impact of multiple sclerosis on walking ability. Raw total scores range from 12 to 60, with higher scores indicating greater walking limitation.
Monitoring My Multiple Sclerosis Scale (MMMS)
The Monitoring My Multiple Sclerosis Scale (MMMS) evaluates physical status, relationships, energy, and cognitive or mental status. Total scores range from 26 to 104, with higher scores indicating better health status and functioning.
Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia (TSK)
The Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia (TSK) is a 17-item questionnaire used to assess fear of movement. Total scores range from 17 to 68, with higher scores indicating greater kinesiophobia.
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