The goal of this clinical trial is to learn if high-frequency rTMS works to treat etomidate addiction in adults. It will also learn about the safety and tolerability of rTMS. The main questions it aims to answer are:
* Does active rTMS reduce craving, amount of etomidate use, frequency of etomidate use, and severity of etomidate use disorder? * Does active rTMS improve cognitive biases related to delayed reward discounting and risk sensitivity? * What side-effects do participants have when receiving rTMS?
Researchers will compare active rTMS to sham rTMS to see if active rTMS works to treat etomidate addiction.
Participants will:
* Receive active rTMS or sham rTMS over 4 weeks * Complete 20 rTMS sessions in total * Visit the clinic for treatment sessions and follow-up assessments * Complete assessments of etomidate use, craving, withdrawal symptoms, mood symptoms, cognition, and decision-making
Attend follow-up assessments up to 6 months after baseline
Able to read and communicate in English and/or Chinese
Able to give informed consent and/or able to provide an informed consent from the legal guardian (if applicable)
Using etomidate and/or its related analogues as the primary psychoactive substance of abuse
Etomidate Use Disorder classified under "Sedative-, Hypnotic-, or Anxiolytic Use Disorder" according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition, Text Revision (DSM-5-TR) with severity ≥ 1, or
Age < 18 years old
Unable to read English or Chinese
Unable to give informed consent
DSM-5: Intellectual Disabilities, Communication Disorders, Specific Learning Disorder, Autism Spectrum Disorder and Motor Disorders