Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a lung condition characterized by chronic respiratory symptoms (dyspnoea, cough, sputum production and/or exacerbations) due to abnormalities of the airways (e.g. bronchitis, bronchiolitis) and/or alveoli (emphysema) that lead to persistent, often progressive, airflow obstruction.
It is a major cause of disability and death worldwide. Moreover, people with COPD often have cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) that are associated with increased risk for hospitalization and prolonged stay as well as all-cause and CVD-related mortality. Nevertheless, CVDs in patients with COPD are tend to be underestimated in clinical practice. Mechanisms that define the relation between COPD and cardiovascular morbidity include lung hyperinflation, hypoxia, pulmonary hypertension, systemic inflammation and oxidative stress, exacerbation, shared risk factors and COPD phenotypes. In the past years, some authors have announced that COPD treatment with dual bronchodilation may not only improve pulmonary function and quality of life, but also have a positive effect on cardiac function. However, there is a lack of studies with treatment-naïve patients that would describe the initial effect of dual bronchodilation on respiratory and cardiovascular systems. In this study we aimed to evaluate the effect of initial dual bronchodilation on the quality of life, respiratory and cardiovascular systems in patients with newly-diagnosed chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
Aged 40 years and older
Smoking index of 10 pack-years and more
Newly diagnosed chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) with forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) 30-79 percent of predicted and forced expiratory volume in 1 second to forced vital capacity ratio (FEV1/FVC) less than 70 percent of predicted.
Active lung infection
Present or previously treated lung cancer
Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency
Diagnosed interstitial lung disease
The cohort will be selected from patients with clinical signs of COPD reffered to the tertiary care outpatient clinic by general physicians from the primary and secondary care clinics.
Cohort
Prospective
Not listed
Change in oxygen uptake at peak exercise after 12 weeks of dual bronchodilation
The effect of dual bronchodilation on peak oxygen uptake (VO2) in patients with newly diagnosed moderate-to-severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Change in health-related quality of life after 12 weeks of dual bronchodilation
The effect of dual bronchodilation on health related quality of life (evaluating using the Short Form 36 Health Survey (SF-36) Questionnaire) in patients with newly diagnosed moderate-to-severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Change in forced expiratory volume in 1 second after 12 weeks of dual bronchodilation
The effect of dual bronchodilation on forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) in patients with newly diagnosed moderate-to-severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Change in forced vital capacity after 12 weeks of dual bronchodilation
The effect of dual bronchodilation on forced vital capacity (FVC) in patients with newly diagnosed moderate-to-severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Change in residual volume after 12 weeks of dual bronchodilation
The effect of dual bronchodilation on residual volume (RV) in patients with newly diagnosed moderate-to-severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Change in residual volume to total lung capacity ratio after 12 weeks of dual bronchodilation
The effect of dual bronchodilation on residual volume to total lung capacity ratio (RV/TLC) in patients with newly diagnosed moderate-to-severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
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