Background:
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is common in children. It can cause problems with attention and the ability to control actions and impulses. Obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) is less common in children but not rare. It involves ongoing thoughts, urges, impulses, and repeated behaviors. Researchers want to study differences in brain activity between healthy children, those with ADHD, and those with OCD.
Objective:
To learn more about how the brain controls thinking and behavior.
Eligibility:
People aged 10 to 17 years with ADHD, OCD, or neither.
Design:
Participants will have 3 to 10 clinic visits in up to 1 year. Each visit will last 2 to 3 hours.
Three visits are required:
Behavioral. Participants will complete a computer task. Their mood, memory, attention, and thinking skills will be tested.
EEG. Participants will undergo electroencephalography (EEG) to measure signals in their brain. Small electrodes will be placed on the scalp. A cap will be stretched over the head. Signals will be recorded while participants rest or do tasks on a computer.
MRI. Participants will have a magnetic resonance imaging scan (MRI). They will lie on a table that rolls into a tube. The MRI will take pictures of their brain while they do tasks on a computer.
Seven more visits are optional. These include 2 more EEG visits and 2 more MRI visits.
Three will be magnetoencephalography (MEG) visits: MEG measures small magnetic field changes in the brain. A helmet with sensors will be placed on the head. Brain changes will be recorded while participants rest or do tasks on a computer.
Ability to provide informed assent and parent consent
Age: 10-17 years
ADHD Group: Diagnosis of ADHD based on DSM-5 criteria
Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence, Second Edition (WASI-II). WASI-II will be used as a measure of intellectual function. Children will be included when FSIQ > 70.
Non-English Speakers
Pregnancy
Any implant, prosthesis or alteration of the body that, in the opinion of the investigator, would be unsafe with MRI or EEG or that would produce an artifact that would compromise the integrity of data;
Active or History of psychosis, bipolar I disorder, Level 2 or 3 autism spectrum disorder, active severe substance use disorders (within the last month), have active suicidal intent or plan as detected on screening instruments;
We aim to collect a sample of 90 youth ages 10-17, 30 with ADHD, 30 with OCD, and 30 age- and sex-matched typically developing healthy volunteer youth with complete data. In order to account for screen failures and participant attrition, we will recruit 110 individuals. Consistent with the sex differences in rates of psychopathology, we expect to enroll more males than females at an approximate 3:1 ratio in the ADHD group and 3:2 ratio in the OCD group, and therefore also more males than females in the sex-matched control group. Recruitment will be limited to DC, Maryland, and Virginia.
Case-control
Prospective
Not listed
Participant Retention for all visits of the study and task performance.
Withdrawal rates and Accuracy rates on task.
Adverse Events reported related to study procedures
Patient Reported Negative Side Effects
Percentage of EEG and fMRI data deemed to be of sufficient quality for analysis (e.g. without artifact or excessive motion).
Amount of analyzable data
Structural cortical region source localized from a combination of the EEG (and MEG in a subset of patients) and fMRI data
Location of brain activation
Accuracy and reaction time behavioral responses to cognitive control tasks.
Computerized Task performance
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