About this trial
SAFER-AF is an investigator-initiated, multicenter, open-label, parallel-group trial comparing catheter ablation versus usual care in patients with atrial fibrillation and intracranial hemorrhage.
Eligibility criteria
This trial does not accept healthy volunteersQualifiers
Age ≥ 18 years
Between 14 Days and 12 Months After Spontaneous Intracranial Hemorrhage (intraparenchymal or intraventricular hemorrhage, and subdural hematoma)
Able to Access Intracranial Hemorrhage Imaging Data
ECG indicating the presence of atrial fibrillation
Disqualifiers
Atrial fibrillation secondary to clearly reversible causes (e.g., hyperthyroidism, hypokalemia, etc.)
Fully dependent (modified Rankin Scale [mRS] score > 4)
Uncontrolled hypertension (systolic blood pressure > 160 mmHg)
Presence of uncontrolled active bleeding
Trial design
Parallel
Treatments tested in this trial
Catheter Ablation
Procedure/SurgeryFor patients in the catheter ablation group, low-dose anticoagulation for 1 month after pulsed field ablation is recommended. Suggested regimens include rivaroxaban 10-15 mg once daily, dabigatran 110 mg twice daily, or edoxaban 30 mg once daily. For patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (AF), an ablation strategy based on bilateral pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) is adopted. For patients with persistent AF, PVI plus ethanol infusion of the vein of Marshall and linear ablation (mitral isthmus, cavotricuspid isthmus, and left atrial roof) strategy is recommended. Other additional ablation strategies are determined by the operator.
Usual Care
DrugPatients received standard medical therapy without anticoagulation.
Treatment groups
Trial outcomes
Primary outcomes
Composite of All-Cause Mortality, All-Cause Stroke, and Systemic Embolism
Secondary outcomes
Stroke and Systemic Embolism
Cardiovascular death
Ischemic Stroke
Intracranial Hemorrhage
Sponsors and contacts
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