This study aims to analyze the effects of an 8-week strength training program combining different exercise intensities and blood flow restriction (BFR) conditions on safety, tolerability, muscle adaptations, and physical performance variables. Three training modalities will be compared: 1) high-intensity exercise with BFR therapy; 2) low-intensity exercise with BFR therapy; and 3) high-intensity exercise without BFR therapy. All groups will perform the same exercise modality, differing only in intensity and the application of BFR.
Participants will be randomly assigned to one of the three groups and will undergo a 8-week intervention. The variables of interest will be assessed in each group for subsequent analysis and comparison.
Healthy, untrained adults
Age between 18 and 65
Current participation in an upper limb strength training program
Presence of comorbidities that increase cardiovascular risk (uncontrolled ischemic heart disease, uncontrolled hypertension, diabetes, etc.)
Patients with more than one thromboembolism risk factor (obesity, history of thrombosis, prolonged immobilization, recent surgery, use of contraceptives, etc.)
Current diagnosis of any pathology affecting the cervical spine, shoulder, and/or thoracic spine
Parallel
High-intensity exercise with BFR
DeviceThree exercises: external rotation at 0°, internal rotation at 0° and elevation in the scapular plane. 4 sets (30, 15, 15, reps to fatigue) with a intensity of 70% RM and a 50% of arterial occlusion pressure. 30" rest between sets, 2' rest between exercises.
Low-intensity exercise with BFR
DeviceThree exercises: external rotation at 0°, internal rotation at 0° and elevation in the scapular plane. 4 sets (30, 15, 15, reps to fatigue) with a intensity of 30% RM and a 50% of arterial occlusion pressure. 30" rest between sets, 2' rest between exercises.
High-intensity exercise without BFR
Procedure/SurgeryThree exercises: external rotation at 0°, internal rotation at 0° and elevation in the scapular plane. 4 sets (30, 15, 15, reps to fatigue) with a intensity of 70% RM and a without flow restriction application (cuff applied without pressure). 30" rest between sets, 2' rest between exercises.
Isometric rotator cuff strength
Isometric rotator cuff strength measured with a dynamometer
Rate of perceived exertion
Rate of perceived exertion (RPE) measured using the Borg scale (0-10)
Perceived tolerance
Participant tolerance to the training protocol will be assessed at the end of the intervention using a 5-point Likert scale, ranging from very well tolerated (5), well tolerated (4), neutral (3), poorly tolerated (2), to very poorly tolerated (1).
Occurrence of adverse effects
Occurrence of adverse effects (e.g., pain, delayed onset muscle soreness, sudden weakness of the trained limb, redness or swelling of the trained limb, etc.) by self-report
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